List of the Strong Bases (Arrhenius Bases)

Rundown of the Strong Bases (Arrhenius Bases) Solid bases will be bases which totally separate in water into the cation and OH-(hydroxide particle). The hydroxides of the Group I (antacid metals) and Group II (soluble earth) metals for the most part are viewed as solid bases. These are great Arrhenius bases. Here is a rundown of the most widely recognized solid bases. LiOH - lithium hydroxideNaOH - sodium hydroxideKOH - potassium hydroxideRbOH - rubidium hydroxideCsOH - cesium hydroxide*Ca(OH)2 - calcium hydroxide*Sr(OH)2 - strontium hydroxide*Ba(OH)2 - barium hydroxide * These bases totally separate in arrangements of 0.01 M or less. Different bases make arrangements of 1.0 M and are 100% separated at that focus. There are other solid bases than those recorded, yet they are not frequently experienced. Properties of the Strong Bases The solid bases are astounding proton (hydrogen particle) acceptors and electron givers. The solid bases can deprotonate powerless acids. Fluid arrangements of solid bases are elusive and sudsy. Be that as it may, its never a smart thought to contact an answer for test it in light of the fact that these bases will in general be burning. Concentrated arrangements can deliver concoction consumes. Superbases Notwithstanding the solid Arrhenius bases, there are additionally superbases. Superbases are Lewis bases that are Group 1 salts of carbanions, for example, hydrides and amides. Lewis bases will in general be much more grounded than the solid Arrhenius bases in light of the fact that their conjugate acids are so frail. While Arrhenius bases are utilized as watery arrangements, the superbases deprotonate water, responding with it totally. In water, none of the first anion of a superbase stays in arrangement. The superbases are regularly utilized in natural science as reagents. Instances of the superbases include: Ethoxide ionButyl lithium (n-BuLi)Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) (C6H14LiN)Lithium diethylamide (LDEA)Sodium amide (NaNH2)Sodium hydride (NaH)Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, ((CH3)3Si)2NLi

Americas Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb Essay examples -- American

Maybe the most questionable and intensely investigated issue of the twentieth century was President Harry Truman’s choice to release nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in the late spring of 1945. While the succession of occasions going before that critical summer morning of August 6,1945 are completely comprehended, the thought processes behind Truman’s activities are covered in contention. Top military authorities freely reproved the utilization of such an appalling weapon, while the conspicuous focal points to the bomb, conventionalists contend, was an abbreviated Pacific War. Parallactic sees between customary convictions and revisionist speculations recommend that the issue is still especially uncertain. For what reason is the issue so fervently discussed? In part due to the staggering proof supporting the two sides, and incompletely from the unconventional sources delivering such proof. Be that as it may, the inquiry remains: Why did Truman drop the nuclear bo mb? Truman’s choice to drop the nuclear bomb was not a military need since land attack losses were a lot of lower than apparent, the Japanese were nearly crumbling, and America had maintained a strategic distance from discretion in spite of knowing Japanese goals. Dropping the nuclear bomb was essential in forestalling a land attack where troops would experience serious Japanese opposition. As per old Samurai custom, the most decent method of death was to forfeit oneself for the head. Absolutely, this way of thinking turned out to be widely drilled all through the war, as clear with the infamous kamikaze missions. Troopers would either kick the bucket in battle, or end it all so as to forestall catch. During the clash of Okinawa, of the 117,000 Japanese troopers positioned on the island, just 7,000 were left alive. On April 6-7 alone, 355 planes dad... ...go: Lucent Books, 1990. Hoyt, Edwin P. Japan's War: the Great Pacific Conflict, 1853 to 1952. McGraw-Hill, 1986. Iwo Jima and Okinawa. 7 Jan. 2004 < http://library.thinkquest.org/18106/iwojima.html> Lifton, Betty J. A Place called Hiroshima. New York: Kodonsh International Ltd., 1985. Paulik, Gregory P. The Ethics of War: Hiroshima and Nagasaki: After 50 Years. Sept. 1995. 6 Oct. 2013 peacediplomacyorforeignaid/ethicswar.shtml> Open Papers of the Presidents: Harry S. Truman, 1950. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office,1964 Scarlott, Jennifer. The Legend of Hiroshima. 10 Oct. 2013 Stimson, Henry L. The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb.† Harper’s 1947: 97. Takaki, Ronald. Hiroshima. Toronto: Little, Brown, and Company, 1995. Zinn, Howard. Reflections on Hiroshima. The Progressive Media Project. 31 July 2001. 13 Oct. 2013

Human Resource Managements Function In Organisations

Human Resource Managements Function In Organizations Human Resource Management (HRM) is the capacity inside an association that centers around enlistment of, the executives of, and giving guidance for the individuals who work in the association. Human Resource Management can likewise be performed by line chiefs. Human Resource Management is the authoritative capacity that manages issues identified with individuals, for example, remuneration, recruiting, execution the executives, association advancement, security, health, benefits, worker inspiration, correspondence, organization, and preparing. Meaning of HRM: William R. Tracey, in The Human Resources Glossary characterizes Human Resources as: The individuals that staff and work an association; as appeared differently in relation to the budgetary and material assets of an association. HR is likewise the hierarchical capacity that manages the individuals and issues identified with individuals, for example, pay, employing, execution the board, and preparing. A Human Resource is a solitary individual or representative inside your association. What Is the Human Resource Department? Answer: Departments are the substances associations structure to arrange individuals, detailing connections, and work such that best backings the achievement of the associations objectives. Divisions are normally sorted out by capacities, for example, HR, showcasing, organization, and deals. However, a division can be sorted out in any capacity that bodes well for the client. Divisions can likewise be sorted out by client, result, or by district of the world. Effect of HRM on Human Resource Function : HRM work adds to hierarchical viability in the accompanying manners: Helping the association arrive at its objectives. Utilizing the capacities and abilities of the workforce proficiently. Giving the association all around prepared and very much spurred representatives. Expanding the fullest the workers work fulfillment and self actualisation. Creating and keeping up a nature of work life that makes work in the association attractive. Conveying HRM approaches to all workers. Assisting with keeping up moral arrangements and socially capable conduct. Overseeing change to the common favorable position of people, gatherings, the endeavor and general society. The Human Resources Management (HRM) work incorporates an assortment of exercises, and key among them is choosing what staffing needs you have and whether to utilize self employed entities or recruit representatives to fill these necessities, enrolling and preparing the best workers, guaranteeing they are superior workers, managing execution issues, and guaranteeing your faculty and the executives rehearses adjust to different guidelines. Exercises likewise incorporate dealing with your way to deal with worker advantages and remuneration, representative records and staff approaches. Generally private ventures (for-benefit or not-for-profit) need to complete these exercises themselves since they cant yet manage the cost of part-or full-time help. In any case, they ought to consistently guarantee that representatives have-and know about faculty approaches which comply with current guidelines. These approaches are regularly as worker manuals, which all representatives have. A few people recognize a contrast between HRM (a significant administration action) and HRD (Human Resource Development, a calling). Those individuals may incorporate HRM in HRD, clarifying that HRD incorporates the more extensive scope of exercises to create work force within associations, including, e.g., vocation improvement, preparing, association advancement, and so on. There is a long-standing contention about where HR-related capacities ought to be sorted out into enormous associations, e.g., should HR be in the Organization Development division or the opposite way around? The HRM capacity and HRD calling have experienced significant changes in the course of the last 20-30 years. Numerous years prior, enormous associations looked to the Personnel Department, generally to deal with the desk work around recruiting and paying individuals. All the more as of late, associations consider the HR Department as assuming a significant job in staffing, preparing and assisting with overseeing individuals so individuals and the association are performing at most extreme ability in an exceptionally satisfying way. Models and Phases in HRM banter Errand 1 b Assess THE ROLE OF STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN RELATION TO THE Organizations BROADER OBJECTIVES, EVALUATE HR PRACTICES IN BOTH PROFIT MAKING AND NOT FOR PROFIT PRGANISATIONS. Key Human Resource Management Meaning of HYPERLINK http://www.strategic-human-resource.com/meaning of-strategy.htmlHYPERLINK http://www.strategic-human-resource.com/meaning of-strategy.htmlStrategyHYPERLINK http://www.strategic-human-resource.com/meaning of-strategy.html A procedure is a bit by bit strategy arranged by an association and by which it means to accomplish its arrangement or plans, hence, guaranteeing its prosperity and endurance. Vital administration might be comprehended as the way toward planning, executing and assessing business methodologies to accomplish hierarchical goals. Investigation of the earth, definition of procedures, usage of techniques, and assessment and control are the stages in the key administration process. Vital Human Resource Definition Vital human asset characterizes workers as an asset, a benefit, that gives upper hand to an association, and on whom authoritative achievement is utilized. This is the new route embraced by numerous associations in the treatment of their representatives, making them the prime drivers or one of the main players of corporate achievement. Individuals, not machines, not frameworks, not different resources, are in the uncommon situation in helping the association accomplish its goals. These different things, be that as it may, are likewise significant. Be that as it may, individuals are expected to utilize them in profitable manners. A few organizations are presently persuaded that their kin are the most significant resource. What's more, that without them, they can't accomplish a lot. Thusly, they are actualizing a vital human asset the board approach. Human Resource Strategy Definition This is the bit by bit strategy by which an association utilizes, uses or oversees, creates, and conveys its HR so as to accomplish its characterized corporate crucial destinations. A human asset procedure is formulated in regard of enlistment, worker organization, inspiration and commitment, and representative maintenance. By doing this, an association places itself in the situation of having the option to accomplish its crucial goals through its HR. This follows from the way how vital human asset is deliberately characterized. Vital Human Resource Management This is the compelling method of sorting out the workforce by the appropriation of a particular system, where representatives execution can assist with accomplishing the arranged authoritative targets, for example, expanding income or improving the net revenue. Vital human asset the executives is human asset the board did in a vital manner. The human asset exercises are connected to the accomplishment of the associations in general destinations. This is the better approach for overseeing HR when contrasted with staff the board. Key HR Plan Key human asset plan alludes to the vital arrangement whereby workers vitality, time, capacities, abilities and information are consolidated in a bit by bit strategy with the goal that their commitment can be observed and estimated after some time. By doing this, human asset can turn into the prime drivers of corporate achievement. The human asset plan is adjusted to the corporate arrangement. The essential objective of key human asset plan is to improve worker profitability along these lines assisting with producing higher income for the association. For what reason should your association be worried about vital Human Resource Management? Associations, especially business substances, must succeed monetarily on the off chance that they are to endure. This is the motivation behind why field-tested strategies are readied. This is one of the basic courses in understanding the significant variables identified with key human asset. Your association, as well, has its marketable strategy. The main thing left to do is to make it a reality. At the point when you receive a key HR Management plan, there is a high likelihood that specific positive outcomes will result. This can bring about the accompanying: Improvement of your associations financial execution Increment in worker and hierarchical efficiency Increment in your endurance rate as a corporate element Lower work turnover Increment in consumer loyalty Your HR work doesn't get repetitive because of worth including quality Pfeiffer records seven elements of successful individuals the executives. Work security Thorough determination of representatives Self-guided groups and decentralized dynamic Similarly high pay connected to individual and authoritative execution Broad preparing Diminished status qualifications, and Broad sharing of money related and execution data all through the association Define procedures to guarantee that you can accomplish these goals. So as to guarantee that workers can assume their individual job in the association, you need a HR game plan. You have to direct HR key intending with this impact. Further to this, you have to prepare and build up your kin all together that they have the information and abilities to play out their individual assignments. Human Resource Strategic Approach In vital Human Resource the board, you can decide to put accentuation on HYPERLINK http://www.strategic-human-resource.com/HR execution management.htmlperformance improvement and serious advantage.HYPERLINK http://www.strategic-human-resource.com/HR execution management.html This has the capability of prompting modern clashes. You likewise have the decision of receiving the delicate methodology. This methodology contemplates a workers prevalent ability, responsibility,

Slavery 2.0

On January first, 1863, Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, the first step in ending slavery in the United States, which declared all slaves held in Confederate territories free. With the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865, slavery was abolished in the United States, and in the eyes of many people ended the issue of slavery. Well, slavery has rebranded itself and is in good health, it has a firm empire that stretches throughout all the corners of the globe. Yet, somehow slavery’s empire has remained hidden to the general public. It is an issue that is unique in that there are not many pro-slavery people out there, but since so few people are aware of the issue that progress is not being made fast enough. Sex trafficking is modern day slavery. In order to eradicate slavery from the world, people need to know how it works in the modern-day world. According to Shared Hope International, â€Å"Sex trafficking occurs when someone uses force, fra ud or coercion to cause a commercial sex act with an adult or causes a minor to commit a commercial sex act.† In order to better understand the definition, it needs to be broken down into its component parts. The force, fraud, or coercion are the methods used by the trafficker or pimp to make the â€Å"slave† perform the commercial sex act. A commercial sex act is not only prostitution but also pornography and other sexual favors, done in exchange for any item of value. However, in the context of sex trafficking, the item of value is given to the trafficker or pimp. The final part of the definition makes a mention of minors because often it is minors who are trafficked. In fact, the average age when a child enters sex trafficking is from ages fourteen to sixteen. This evil must be put to a stop. Not only is sex trafficking an issue in third world countries far away, it is something that takes place right here in the United States in our own backyard. According to th e National Human Trafficking hotline, there were 8,525 reported cases of trafficking in 2016, yet it is very difficult to come up with accurate numbers for the total amount of victims due to several cases that go unreported. Pimps and traffickers are smart and use violence, fear, threats, and intimidation to keep their victims submissive. Often due to the lack of awareness, the victims become misidentified and become treated for surface issues such as STDs and drug abuse when they really need freedom. In the past few years, law enforcement and the government have become aware of sex trafficking and are starting to look for ways to combat it. However, a major problem still possessed by most Americans is simply lack of awareness and education. It is hard to fix a considerable problem when most people either don’t know it exists, don’t know the scope of the issue, or believe false stereotypes. Awareness is key to solve the problem of sex trafficking in the U.S.A. With awareness being the key to help stop sex trafficking, it has opened up a unique opportunity for people wanting to bring change.   Often when faced with huge societal problems, it is normal to feel overwhelmed and do nothing, yet with sex trafficking, all people need to do is learn about sex trafficking and then tell others about it. Several charities have already done the dirty work for everyone in taking the complex issue of sex trafficking and breaking it down in to easy to understand graphics and heartfelt documentaries. Normally when people learn about one of society’s dilemmas they feel sympathy, but just go on with their everyday life and don’t do anything. Sex trafficking is practically begging to be stopped with how easy it is to bring change, all you have to do is acknowledge that there is a problem and make sure the people around you are aware of it. While raising awareness will not solve all the problems caused by sex trafficking, people will not be able to solve a problem that they do not know exists.

A Rational Emotive Behavioral Theory ( Rebt )...

A Rational Emotive Behavioral Theory/ Behavior Theory (REBT) Psychoeducational group for adolescent abusing drugs and alcohol. The initial and transition stages will be discussed to give the reader insight on how the group will begin and transition into the norms of the group thereby allowing the work to begin. The teen group will be a group for girls and boys between the ages 14-18 and closed. The group will consist of 8-12 students lasting 12 weeks. Furthermore, group will be held on school grounds, after school, for 90 minutes twice a week. The group participants will be determined by the school counselor. Substance abuse among adolescents constitutes a significant hazard and represents one of the most pressing and problematic conditions that face teens. According to Denoff (1987) a host of personality factors such as low-self esteem, alienation, and impulsivity have been associated with substance abuse. Overall adolescence is a time of rapid changes therefore heightened emotionality, an examination and a desire for independence can cause stress (Gladding, 2012). Researchers suggested the accelerated changes associated with adolescence helps explain why many individuals have difficulty with adjustment in this time period. Using REBT/ Behavior theory in a group setting will help group members to see how faulty beliefs systems conceivably could lead to misjudgement about ways to cope with problems(Denoff, 1987). The goal of this writer in using REBT is that

Effects Of Liver Cancer And The Presence Of Cyanobacteria...

Majority of the studies conducted including ones mentioned above, there was a strong correlation between the chronic symptoms i.e. liver cancer and the presence of cyanobacteria in the drinking water. The presence and study of cyanobacteria dates back to the 1930’s, therefore, this is not a particularly new field of study. This gives the current researchers/ investigators with important retrospective information to use to build on current research. It also appears that most of the cyanobacteria species have been identified and studied upon. Their characteristics such as toxin produced, cell structures etc. have been examined (Table 4). With this said, the study area has been made feasible. 5. Weaknesses of studies Most of the studies†¦show more content†¦In my opinion, this does not create such a strong case for causality. Because the years are so far apart, one might argue that there were other events that took place that may have influenced the PLC rates in these particular region. 6. Current status/Data gap Current drinking water treatment practices in Serbia do not regularly monitor or actively remove these toxins from the drinking water because this is a relatively new field of study and would involve extremely expensive measures (SVIRÄÅ'EV et al., 2009). This is not only a problem in Serbia, but in many developing countries. Priority always seems to be placed on other issues while study areas such as this tend to be ignored. Furthermore, the relevant governing bodies cannot be trusted as they might provide misinformation to the general public regarding the quality of drinking water. Although global organizations such as the World Health Organization has prescribed allowable levels on microcystin in drinking water, several questions proceed in relevance to the individual countries. Questions such as; who is responsible for monitoring and reporting unsafe levels of microcystin in drinking water, what is the frequency of water quality monitoring?, who are the responsible parties that s hould be held accountable in case of an outbreak? Unfortunately, his type of vigilant and stringent monitoring is often times a miss. In the case of the Serbia

Environmental Science Fire Danger Index

Question: Describe about the Environmental Science for Fire Danger Index. Answer: 1. Which town in NSW has the greatest Fire Danger Index, and what is its value? Is the McArthur Forest Fire Danger Meter applicable in all circumstances? Why/why not? The results are as shown in the table below: Town Drought factor FDI Lismore 10 11 Grafton 1 1 Coffs Harbour 4 4 Taree 5 15 Scone 5 17 Nowra 7 61 Armidale 8 15 Walgett 10 41 Dubbo 8 13 Parkes 7 10 Tibooburra 10 29 Cobar 10 30 Hay 9 15 Therefore the town in NSW with the greatest FDI is Nowra, with a value of 61 (extreme). McArthur Forest Fire Danger Meter is not applicable in all circumstances because it has been designed to accept inputs within certain ranges only. For instance, it accepts temperatures from 0 to 100; humidity from 0 to 100%, wind speed from 0 to 100 km/h, fuel load from 0 to 50 tonnes/ha, and a drought factor of 0 to 10 (Barlings, P. (n.d.)). This means that if any of the inputs are outside the specified range, the value of FDI cannot be determined using McArthur Forest Fire Danger Meter. 2. What are the minimum and maximum spotting distances and rates of spread of the fire? By what mechanism(s) can fires travel faster? The results are as shown in the table below Fuel load (t.ha-1) Spotting distance (km) Flame height (m) Rate of spread (km.h-1) 1 0 0 0.1 4 0.04 0.24 0.39 8 0.41 2.48 0.78 12 0.75 4.72 1.17 16 1.07 6.96 1.57 25 1.7 12 2.45 Thus the minimum and maximum spotting distances are 0 km and 1.7 km respectively, while the minimum and maximum rates of fire spread are 0.1 km.h-1 and 1.17 km.h-1 respectively. Fires can travel faster when the: fuel loads present increase, weather is hotter and drier, wind is stronger, humidity is low, and slope along which the fire is spreading increases (ACT Emergency Services Agency, 2011). 3. Experiment with the importance of attendance and the other factors for the survival of houses. Which house in Table 3 has the greatest chance of survivability? Which has the least chance? To which factors is house survival most sensitive? The results are as shown in the table below House 1 House 2 House 3 House 4 Holiday house 1 Holiday house 2 House survival probability (%) 98 94 94 75 62 10 Thus the house with the greatest and least chance of survivability is House 1 (98%) and Holiday house 2 (10%) respectively. House survival is most sensitive to persons in attendance, roof wooded or not wooden; and roof tiled or has a pitch of 10 (design), presence of flammable objects nearby i.e. landscaping and vegetation, as discussed by Bishop, Handmer, Winarto, McCowan (2011) 4. Why does a fire burning uphill travel faster than one burning downhill? There are several reasons why a fire burning travels faster uphill than downhill. First, the fire travels or moves in the direction of the path or ambient of which, which in uphill. Second, the fire preheats the fuel present upwards, since the heat and smoke travels up the hill, thus making it easier for the fire to travel uphill faster. Lastly, when the fire is burning, hot air rises upwards thus accelerating the speed of fire uphill (Kirschenmann, 2012). References ACT Emergency Services Agency. (2011). What is a bushfire? Retrieved from https://esa.act.gov.au/community-information/bushfires/what-is-a-bushfire/ Barlings, P. (n.d.). Forest fire danger meter McArthur Mk5. Retrieved from https://www.cfa4wd.org/information/Forest_FDI.htm Kirschenmann Zach. (2012). Did you know? Forest fires move faster uphill. Retrieved from https://chspineneedle.com/2012/04/19/did-you-know-forest-fires-move-faster-uphill/ Bishop, I., Handmer, J., Winarto, A., McCowan, E. (2011). Survival in dangerous landscapes a game environment for increasing public preparedness. ResearchGate, pp.222-229.

Leadership of Anne Mulcahy free essay sample

Many companies still believe in the old adage, that the CEO has to be a strong willed male, who saw the big picture, distanced himself from the rest of the company and has particular leadership characteristics. Mulcahy did not xude any of these above-mentioned characteristics besides the fact that she was very strong willed. As mentioned in the Fortune article, she was very straightforward, hard working, and disciplined. She was completely loyal to Xerox, not only the company itself, but the brand and the people within it. During her reign at Xerox she has shown that she has incredible integrity and while she can be compassionate, she is able to be tough when necessary. After reading articles on Mulcahy, and the Leadership Experience text, I believe that she clearly fits within the High Task-High Relationship category on the Fieldlers Contingency Model. She is able to be strong willed and eliminate departments that are not performing well, even though she had an integral role in creating that specific department. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership of Anne Mulcahy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She was honest, compassionate, and tough at the exact same time, she was not afraid to give everyone the good news along with the bad news. The Fortune article showed that Mulcahy was willing to work shoulder to shoulder with all of her subordinates, this in turn gave her an unusual credibility and an ability to stimulate her team. She coaches her company toward achievement, while combing task and elationship behaviors. Mulcahy is clearly a relationship-oriented leader because her biggest concern is the people within Xerox. In the Fortune article, she said nothing spooked her more than waking up in the middle of the night and thinking about what would happen to the nearly 100,000 employees and retirees if the company went south. Mulcahy led by example, she didnt take a weekend off for two years, took work home with her to better understand it, and when everybody at Xerox saw her working hard, they knew that she was working hard for them. Seeing a leader like his motivates employees into doing a better Job, they dont feel like they are being pushed into completing tasks, rather pulled by the motivation of Mulcahy. In the text of The Leadership Experience, Path-Goal refers to a leaders responsibility to increase subordinate motivation and attain personal and organizational goals. Mulcahy had a goal to resurrect Xerox into the giant that it once was and dig it out of the debt that it had buried itself in. In order to achieve this goal, she clarified the followers path to the reward, which in this case was a successful Xerox and Jobs for all employees. She worked closely with all employees in order to clarify the Jobs that needed to be done in order for this goal to be supportive leadership style. In the Xerox article it stated that she rewarded those who stuck it out with Xerox by not only refusing to abolish raises but with symbolic gestures as well, including giving all employees their birthdays off. Mulcahy said in the Fortune article that everyone has to work hard, measure results, tell the truth, and be brutally honest. She not only stood by all of these characteristics throughout the rebirth of Xerox, but she exemplified them. After reading the Anne Mulcahy case, I went through and found what I believe to be her top ten list of values, traits, and characteristics. While I believe she demonstrates many more than ten, I wanted to narrow it down to her most important in role as CEO of Xerox. These include: Achievement, Affection, Competent, Competitiveness, Courageous, Creativity, Helpfulness, Integrity, Loyalty, and Personal Development. I found Achievement an easy answer to a characteristic of Mulcahy, she showed that she had an acute sense of accomplishment, success and she wanted to contribute to making Xerox relevant again. Mulcahy showed Affection during her time as CEO, she took the position specifically in order to help the nearly 100,000 employees and retirees of Xerox, because she loved the company and felt that they were all family. While many people didnt believe that Mulcahy showed the competency of a CEO, she clearly proved each and every one of them wrong, by being a very capable and effective leader. Mulcahy showed how courageous she was throughout the Fortune article, while many people in that position may have turned down the offer, she took complete advantage of it. It was brought up in the Fortune rticle that many times the board asked her to file bankruptcy, but she stood up for her beliefs and never once thought about doing that to her company. She showed her competitiveness by taking risks in a company that tried to stay in the Stone Age and do things Just because that is the way they have always been done. In the Money article, her creativity proved to be key with investing money in RD, now nearly two-thirds of Xerox equipment sales come from product lines that have been introduced within the past two years. Helpfulness may be one of her biggest assets, his is what brought the company together and made it successful again. Her determination to helping everyone in the company and improving Xerox proved to resuscitate the company back to life again. Integrity was shown from the start, she was always honest, sincere, and genuine, which also in turn helped her to become respected by the company as a whole. Loyalty is what brought her to the CEO position, she loved Xerox and the people within the company, and she also respected Xerox and felt like it was her duty to bring this company back to what it once was. Lastly, one of the qualities that she illustrated was the need for personal evelopment. She wasnt groomed for the CEO Job when she took it; she needed to develop herself into the CEO that she saw necessary in running the company effectively. Mulcahy worked weekends, studied accounting on her off time at home and also worked shoulder to shoulder with subordinates in order to see what was working and what wasnt. Anne Mulcahys mission was to put Xerox back on the map and create a strong company that could support the many employees and retirees. She was very successful in doing so, she brought a company that was resistant to change and igging their way out of debt, without filing for bankruptcy. Her vision for Xerox is to stay on top of the printer and copier technology, keep investing money in research and development, and create a beneficial environment for employees to succeed in. After reading the many articles, it is obvious that Mulcahy has demonstrated everything needed to carry out her vision and mission. Although many thought she was not a prototypical CEO, she has shown great success in turning around a dying company and made it her priority to do so in a way she felt necessary.

The Russian Theatre Hostages essays

The Russian Theatre Hostages essays The views of different countries when it comes to news coverage vary greatly for many reasons. One such story is the theatre hostages in Chechnya, Russia. Each country giving information on this story may contain different information from one another. For example, the United States articles on the theatres hostages lists facts given by many different hostages, Russia trys to make themselves look good and does not give as much information. Chechnya, Russia is where all of this is took place. The people holding these hostages are referred to as rebels. The captors state that they are ready to die and they can resist as long as they want. They ask for an absolute end to the war and that the Russian troops in Chechnya leave. If President Vladimir Putin refuses to pull out he troops, the captors threatened to shoot and kill about ten people an hour. (Theatre Hostages: Lots of blood.) There were over seven hundred hostages being held in the theatre. They were all there to see the performance, Nord Ost. They came from places such as Russia, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Australia, Britain, and the United States. The captors allowed a Russian television crew into the theatre. They filmed many of the hostages, most of which pleaded for the government not to come and attack because the men had explosives and were not afraid to kill all of the hostages and themselves. While the news crew was still filming, me mbers of the International Committee of the Red Cross entered the theatre. They then releases more than forty-one people; pregnant women, children, and the elderly. Since all of this is taken place in Russia, it automatically makes bad reviews for the country. The Russians main focus in the article is when they practically pat themselves on the back when they avoided a terrible tragedy (117 hostages die in theatre attack), which in my eyes I believe that what happened in that theatre was ...

School Placement Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

School Placement Research - Essay Example Moreover, it is observed that some of the students are keen to speak and interact with teachers in English. This enables the students to learn the language more effectively. The teacher is also recognized to motivate the students, who show interest in learning the language. The motivated students demonstrate more interest to learn the language. Further, the other students of the classroom on observing the interest of some of the students and the motivation from their teacher also attempts to learn the language. These students also makes attempt to learn the language. This creates a learning environment in the class with regard to English language. Learning of English language is extremely important from the perspective of the development of the students. The students would be able to communicate with the people of other nations. The students would be able to communicate with people who are incapable in speaking in Chinese language. Moreover, learning the International language Englis h is of significant benefit to the students when they would undertake higher educational degrees at foreign universities. The learning of International language is one of the key factors that lead to the overall personal developments of the students. During the period of volunteering in a bilingual elementary school, it is observed that some of the students are unable to understand the instructions from the math teacher. The math teacher although speaks in the native languages to the students, but at the time of teaching, the teacher uses English language. The students are not the native speakers of English and are unaware of several words and phrases in English. The teacher at the time of teaching uses some of the words or phrases or others that the students are unable to understand. This creates a communication gap between the teacher and the students. This leads the students to be deprived of some of the teaching instructions. The students as a result of such are

Antibiotic Resistance in Anaerobic Bacteria Essay - 1

Antibiotic Resistance in Anaerobic Bacteria - Essay Example Then there is the danger that the ignorant man may easily underdose himself and by exposing his microbes to non†lethal quantities of the drug make them resistant. Here is a hypothetical illustration. Mr. X. has a sore throat. He buys some penicillin and gives himself, not enough to kill the streptococci but enough to educate them to resist penicillin. He then infects his wife. Mrs. X gets pneumonia and is treated with penicillin. As the streptococci are now resistant to penicillin the treatment fails. Mrs. X dies. Who is primarily responsible for Mrs. X’s death?† (Fleming, p88). It is not only the irrational use of the drugs that cause antibiotic resistance but there are reports of the naturally occurring resistance. According to an experiment conducted by Joshua and Esther Lederberg in 1952, penicillin-resistant strains of bacteria developed much more before the start of penicillin in medicinal practices. Joshua Lederberg and his student Zinder also demonstrated t he pre-existence of Streptomycin resistance strains (Nelson, p 294). The major antibiotic-resistant pathogen associated with nosocomial infection is Staphylococcus aureus. It was one of the earlier organisms to develop penicillin resistance. Methicilin was then used against the resistant strains but in the year 1961MRSA (Methycillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) was detected in Britain. It was reported that there was an increase in the number of fatal cases of sepsis from 4% in 1991 to 37% in 1999 in the UK due to MRSA. By the 1980s MRSA had spread and become quite common in US hospitals and along with resistance to Methicillin. There was a steady increase in oxacillin (Methycillin) resistant S. aureus in U.S. hospitals in the year 1997 which increased to 26.2%. ( Pfaller et al,p1886). Most of these Staphylococcus aureus also showed resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin.

Philosophy Questions Essay Example for Free

Philosophy Questions Essay Question One A causal claim, by definition, is a statement about the causes of things. Regular (non-causal) claims are considered to be any declarative statement. While the regular claim can simply be made about anything as long as it is a declaration, causal statements require a certain sense of cause and effect. Causal claims examine the complex processes in which people, forces, events, and other things interact to cause certain phenomena. Causal claims rarely are proven due to the different things that may happen to cause things. Feedback: I agree with the answer because causal claims are definitively hard to prove. It depends on how you look at the event in question. Impartiality is a virtue when exploring causal claims and is often hard to keep when personally involved in the matter. Question Two A real life example of common thread reasoning in advertising is Listerine. Listerine is a mouthwash that claims to kill more germs than any other leading mouthwash. In actuality, mouthwash does not actually kill germs and the rate of germs killed does not meet FDA standards for antiseptics. The common thread would be that all mouthwashes claim to kill germs and they really do not. Most of them also claim they are antiseptics when they do not meet current FDA standards. Feedback: Listerine is a mouthwash which makes false claims as does many mouthwash companies. The common theme among these companies is their determination to market a product with falsehoods. If all of these companies make false claim, then what are they to be called?

Wake Up Willy :: essays research papers

Wake Up, Willy "He's a man way out there in the blue, riding on a smile and a shoeshine †¦ A salesman is got to dream, boy." (Requiem, page 138) Willy Loman longs for the success of his brother Ben, but refuses to accept the drudgery in the work of his friend, Charley. Essentially, Willy wants the freedom that Ben has – leaving for Alaska on a whim, ending up in the wrong place, and still succeeding on his own – without the responsibility and hard work that Charley puts in to be modestly and stolidly successful. The incongruity in Willy’s wishes – that Willy wants all the glory without any of the guts – leaves him in a place where, truly, he is still a child. And, like a child, Willy could never live like Ben because he needs the security of a job and life like the one Charley has. As the play winds on, Willy cannot wake up from his fantasized version of true American success and, ultimately, allows Miller to illustrate the shallowness of the American Dream. Ben represents success based on the benchmarks Willy has created: that if a man has a good appearance and is well-liked, he will thrive in the business world. Yet, the amount of truth in Ben’s character is questionable. More likely, Ben has been idealized in Willy’s mind to become a mix between truth and fantasy – one who exemplifies the principles that Willy lives his life by and bestows on the Loman boys. "William, when I walked into the jungle, I was seventeen. When I walked out I was twenty-one. And, by God, I was rich!" (Act 1, Page 52) In fact, either Ben leaves out the part of the story where he worked tirelessly for four years in the jungle to make his fortune or this is another example of Willy nurturing his fantasies in his own idealized hallucination of Ben. Either way, Willy cannot wake up from the dream world his head is in involving the seemingly effortless success that comes about his brother Ben, nor can he realize that, at least in his world, success is based on more than projecting a good, confident appearance and being well-liked: it involves hard work and effort. And, while he idealizes Ben and raises him to the point of symbolic greatness, he idolizes Dave Singlman (single-man), who, at the age of eight-four, can â€Å"go into any city, pick up the phone, and†¦ [make] his living,† because he represents the only solid example of success under Willy’s principle – and even then, Singleman is alone.

One Earth, One chance Essay

Wake up in the morning. Take a glance outside of your house and there outside was trash, trash, and more trash. That’s not gonna be a pretty picture but if you don’t team and help our Earth, it could happen, and by then it’ll be too late. People should recycle more and save lots of energy plus it helps the Earth and your wallet! It wasn’t until I understood and realized that helping our Earth is a worthy thing to do and it also helps you feel happy that you know that you’ve done well on your part. Obviously, every human being should about recycling. Well did they know that recycling saves our precious resources from being used up? When you recycle aluminum just one can save enough energy to run a TV for three hours! Also for example, twenty-four thousand of waste is dumped daily including a staggering fifteen million plastic bags, enough to fill twenty-five buses. Apparently, if we recycled every plastic bottle we used, we would keep two billion tons of plastic out of landfills, WOW! Robert Alan once said â€Å"We can help educate our families and communities about the importance of recycling for our environment, and how each of us can make a difference for better world by recycling.† Let me now direct your attention on how a ton of recycled paper equals or saves seventeen trees in a paper production, now that’s what I’m talking about! Lastly, but evidently if you recycle glass it can generate 20% less air pollution and 50% less water pollution compared to manufacturing new glass. It’s kind of a real shocker how much little you can do can make a big difference and now one of them can be recycling. Save Energy, and this really speaks for itself. Clearly, turning off your computer at the end of your day saves lots of energy. Did you also know that using natural daylight whenever possible is another great way to cut electricity costs and help the environment? Well it does. Also saving energy at your house can save 30-40% on your energy bill. You can use compact fluorescent lights to light your home. Not only do these bulbs use less energy, but they last longer than traditional bulbs. Another is air dry dishes rather than using the heated drying cycle is a great way of saving energy. Making this small change can add up and make a big difference in your energy use and the amount you pay for energy every month. It’s an evident that helping our Earth is great when you recycle and save energy for you, the Earth and your wallet. Don’t you want to make a difference? So, what are you waiting for? Go help our Earth be more cleaner and energy efficient. Let’s make sure our Earth be cleaner at home and school before it’s too late. Furthermore remember to always be cautious about your energy use! So join me Saturday, downtown and help clean up trash at Dothan’s Annual Clean-Up Day!

Should Activists Be Transition Into A Politician

Can activists, more specifically community activists, successfully transition into a politician? Can they hold on to community-based interests over self-interest and ensure that the community remains a creator and not an object of policy? In the New York Times, Room for Debate opinion section, Bob Kerry, former governor of Nebraska and U.S. Senator, defines both terms. â€Å"An activist†, he notes, â€Å"is someone who organizes and acts for the purpose of changing a public policy or law. A politician is someone who seeks election to a public office on behalf of a general ideology and/or a specific agenda in which they promise to act.† Though distinctive terms, I would argue that the overarching theme in both is a commitment to service for others, whether by way of a grassroots organizing approach, by passing laws, or by seeking to shape public policies that affect the community one serves. I believe that because activists are grounded in issues that directly affect the ir constituents on both a local and state level, and politicians are the creators and implementers of policy or law, activists should hold political office to ensure the voices of the community are not only heard but enforced in laws. As I delve deeper into this topic, I hope to detail why, if activists became politicians, they are neither leaving the community nor losing their ambition to realize positive change but will continue to keep the best interest of their constituents in mind while voting, creating policy, andShow MoreRelatedWho is Nelson Madela?788 Words   |  3 PagesNelson Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist who served as president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was South Africa’s first black chief executive, and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on putting an end to apartheid through tackling racism, poverty, and inequality. Mandela has recently pa ssed away on December 5th 2013, and the world is truly grieving over his death. Mandela was bornRead MoreA Comprehensive Look At Information Regarding The Transgender Community1420 Words   |  6 Pagespublic manner in order to help others struggling with the issue of being openly transgender. Additionally, a recent movement by the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender activist group to establish equal rights for transgender people continues to make waves throughout the nation. Now, the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender activist group are the leading forefront of implementing the rights of any transgender person to receive reference by their preferred gender pronoun along with the rights of theRead MoreDeath Penalty I. Introduction Attention Graber: Everyone knows that in the United States killing is900 Words   |  4 PagesGraber: Everyone knows that in the United States killing is wrong and if you do kill you get punish for it. Holly Near an activist tells us â€Å"Why do we kill people who are killing people to show that killing people is wrong?† Audience relevance: The United States is one Nation and that we believe that if you commit any crime you must be punished. If you commit a crime than you should be punish not murder. The death penalty is not a punishment. Also the Death Penalty is costing many of us money withoutRead MoreThe Is A Humanitarian Catastrophe1276 Words   |  6 Pagesnearly five years of armed conflict the civil war in Syria has claimed nearly 470,000 lives: 400,000 through direct violence and an additional 70,000 as an indirect result of the war. A governmental regime which uses terrorists tactics is one that should be looked at as a threat. The president of Syria, Bashar Al-Assad, has carried out a siege against his own civilians in Aleppo trapping them from the rest of the world. Depriving nearly 250,000 people of food, water, and supplies while bombing themRead MoreShould We Stop Putting Women? Essay1606 Words   |  7 Pagessentenced less than men who commit the same crime. Is this fair considerin g womens’ roles as mothers and wives, or is this the opposite of gender equality in America? One point of view on this question comes from an article by Anna Merlan titled â€Å"Should We Stop Putting Women in Prison?† where the author explores different ideas relating to women’s role in the penal system. She refers to an article printed in the Washington Post that tells about how some members of Britain’s House of Lords are advocatingRead MoreThe Political Landscape Of Venezuela1460 Words   |  6 Pagesof regime change that introduces Democratic principles, transitioning a government from an authoritarian regime to one where the people choose their leaders and are able to hold them accountable. The three explanations for a country s successful transition to Democracy are: â€Å"connect(ing) stable democracy with certain economic and social background conditions† (such as high income, widespread literacy, consensus), â€Å"the need for beliefs or certain psychological attitudes among citizens,† and the needRead MoreDifferences Between Du Bois And Marcus Garvey1688 Words   |  7 Pagesinterested in their own personal gains. In addition, globalization and economic partnership agreements with Asian and European nations have allowed African nations to operate independently and not trade with other African nations. Furthermore, some politicians have become the victims of other people’s agendas where propaganda is proposed against a united Africa. Consequently, when past Pan-African leaders promoted the unification for their nations, however; they were assassinated by Western society becauseRead MoreThe American Dream By James Truslow Adams1406 Words   |  6 Pageswho wrote that the American dream â€Å"is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability and achievement, regardless of social class or circumstances of birth† (1931). I would say the American Dream today is a little different as the potential to work for an honest, secure way of life and save for the future. Many liberal economists and activists say that the American Dream is a lost cause as well as dead, but I wouldRead More Laura Briggs Reproducing Empire: Race, Sex, Science, and U.S. Imperialism in Puerto Rico1734 Words   |  7 Pagesthem; 2) though she doesnt name it as such, a historical employment of misconceptions of genetics and hereditary in exerting control over colonized subjects, the poor, and womens reproductive and sexual histories**; all of this located in a transition away from frank colonialism (198). This is also a story of the displacement of poverty caused by colonialism onto disease, difference, over-population, and the need for public health regulation from the mainland U.S among others BriggsRead MoreWomen s Rights During The Civil War1557 Words   |  7 Pagesdid not see a society ready to change, and thus, little work was done towards the women’s rights movement. According to Women’s Civil War History author Mary Elizabeth Massey, women’s rights activists before the Civil War were small in numbers, but opinionated (qtd in Hall 1-2). Dogmatic women’s rights activists were stuck in a world that deemed women as inferior, which created a society ripe for change; change that would make significant headway during the Civil War through the creation of the female-run

The Myth Of The Latin Wom I Just Met A Girl Named Maria

The essay â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria† by Judith Ortiz Cofer is about deprivation that Latin women go through everyday due to stereotypes that society make up. Stereotypes play a big role in the way that individuals are identified by society. Cofer describes her personal experiences of being a Latin woman, and her struggles that she has to face because of the stereotypes. Cofer tells us of some incidences that happened throughout her life. Like going to London for a summer to Oxford University, where a man sees her on a bus, drops to his knees and sings his own version of â€Å"Maria† from West Side Story. Even though she was aggravated, she tried to be calm while everyone around her were amused by the young man’s song. She describes how growing up during 1960’s in New Jersey, she suffered from â€Å"cultural schizophrenia† which meant she was forced to keep on with her heritage. Being a Latin woman you’ re raised strictly and they have high expectations. Mothers encouraged their daughters to act like mature women. Cofer explains another stereotype, such as the â€Å"hot tamale†, where woman are viewed as sexual objects. Woman are usually misinterpreted because of the way they are dressed. Some men treat Latin woman without respect. She talks about when she was at a hotel. A man approached her and began to sing the song of â€Å"Don’t Cry for Me, Argentina† in the tune of â€Å"La Bamba†. She was offended by the man’s song. People view Latin’s as house maids,Show MoreRelatedThe Myth Of The Latin Wom I Just Met A Girl Named Maria Essay1830 Words   |  8 PagesIn â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria,† the incidents on the bus, in the hotel, and at the poetry involved prejudice and stereotypical misconceptions of Puerto Rican women. While Cofer was on a bus trip to Oxford University, a man â€Å"broke into an Irish tenor’s rendition of â€Å"Maria† from West Side Story† (Cofer 103). This implies that Latinas dealt with people who automatically assume that a Latina’s name is â€Å"Maria† or â€Å"Evita† based on a fictional movie. While at a hotel withRead MoreThe Myth Of The Latin Wom I Just Met A Girl Named Maria868 Words   |  4 Pagessociety. â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria† is a short essay in which the award winning poet and professor of English, Judith Ortiz Cofer, wishes to inform and persuade the audience that labels and stereotypes can be humiliating and hurtful. The author targets the general public, anyone that doesn’t understand that putting someone in a box because of a stereotype is wrong. Cofer starts out the essay by telling the reader a story with a drunk man who re-enacted â€Å"Maria† from theRead MoreThe Myth Of The Latin Wom I Just Met A Girl Named Maria Essay1757 Word s   |  8 PagesThe articles â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria† written by Juthish Oriz Cofer and â€Å"White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack† by Peggy McIntosh are two essays covering the topic of race and gender. With a focus on privilege and race, one may assume that these two articles say the same thing, while in reality that is not true. As McIntosh and Cofer come from two different backgrounds and social standing, the authors offer two very unique views on the subject matterRead MoreComparing Mairs And The Myth Of A Latin Wom I Just Met A Girl Named Maria1328 Words   |  6 PagesWe tend to identify them based on their appearance, rather than who or how they are as people. We are often unaware of the impacts our labels have on these people. In the essay â€Å" On being a cripple† by Nancy Mairs and â€Å" The Myth of a Latin woman : I Just Met a Girl Named Maria† by Judith Ortiz Cofer, the writers have s uccessfully portrayed the feelings that arise in people’s mind based on the way they are identified. In both the essays, the writers tell us how they have been incorrectly labeled and

Egoism Or Utilitarianism, Which Do You Prefer - 1151 Words

Critical Essay Egoism or Utilitarianism, which do you prefer? Well maybe the question should be, are either of them decent choices or maybe we need to think a little harder and come up with a better system. I will tell you about two of the people that stand for these philosophies, their ideas of the philosophy and some of the challenges that may be made against them. In the end I will let you know which one I think is a better system or maybe I will choose that neither of them will make work and I will have to explain what I think is a better system. John Stuart Mill What do we do that make our actions right or wrong? Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, and wrong as they tend to create the opposite of happiness. John regarded happiness as pleasure and absence of pain. He also believed that the quality and quantity of pleasure can be different because they are expressed differently. He believed that if we used higher expectations that the experience would be more pleasurable than the experience that those had that used little or no expectations. An example of this could be someone that got their happiness from getting into the nursing program and getting their RN degree, rather than the happiness that someone gets from sitting on the couch being lazy, of course this is an example from today’s time, and not the time that Mill lived and wrote his books and moral philosophy’s. Utilitarianism is fair because it is said to treat everyoneShow MoreRelatedWhy Utilitarianism Is The Best Moral Theory1994 W ords   |  8 Pagescurrently studying the following theories: Intuitionism, Egoism, Utilitarianism, Divine Command Theory, Virtue Ethics, Cultural Relativism, Moral Nihilism, Ethics of Caring, Kantian Ethics and Social Contract Theory. I’ve read each one of them and have noticed their flaws. I was impressed with utilitarianism, which shows the most logically believed theory. I have no doubt utilitarianism is the best moral theory. I chose to defend utilitarianism because it has a major influence on the types of assessmentRead MoreEthics Is The Branch Of Study Dealing With Social Principles3917 Words   |  16 Pagesethical relativism, egoism, utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, virtue ethics, and ethics of care, social contract theory, divine command, and intuitionism. None of those theories is without imperfection. I have noticed their flaws but was impressed with utilitarianism, which shows the most logically believed theory. I chose to describe and to defend utilitarianism. Comparing utilitarianism to intuition, egoism, Kant ethics, and other theories so far, I have no doubt utilitarianism is the best moral theoryRead MoreEssay about Utilitarianism: Explanation And Study of Criticisms3046 Words   |  13 PagesUtilitarianism: Explanation And Study of Criticisms The dictionary definition of Utilitarianism is: The doctrine that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should be the guiding principal of conduct. When making a moral decision, we should look at the outcome of an action. Whatever brings the greatest happiness to the most people is the morally right decision. It is a consequentialist principal where the majority rules. It is also relative as each situationRead MoreEgoism : Decision On Selling The Plant2473 Words   |  10 PagesEgoism – Decision on selling the plant in Wisconsin To begin, the first ethical theory that will be discussed is Egoism. As stated by Weber, an egoist is an individual that assumes a narrow focus of analysis – the self – and may consider either the probable consequences of the self or evoke a personal set of ethics (Weber 2015). Moreover, since egoists focus on themselves, they do not ponder the consideration of others in regards to their decision-making. While coming to decisions, consequencesRead MoreEssay on Ethical Law Enforcement1364 Words   |  6 Pageswas driving and also a domestic violence call. The main issue is that the officers decided to give the husband a sobriety test and that was not supposed to happen since they didn’t see him driving the vehicle. 2. What are the most important facts? Which facts have the most bearing on the ethical decision presented? Include any important potential economic, social, or political pressures, and exclude inconsequential facts. The officers gave the husband a sobriety test, they also gave the husband aRead MoreThe Csr Evaluation of Gap Inc.2143 Words   |  9 Pagessubsidiary in Saipan. The decision to use child labor and sweatshop in Saipan was made by the management of Gap Inc. that could either be seen as egoism or utilitarianism (Smith, 2004). On one hand, on the egoism perspective, Gap Inc. could have decided to use child and sweatshop labor to cut its costs and maximize its profits. On the other hand, on the utilitarianism perspective, Gap’s decision to use child and sweatshop labor, cruel and ethical as it might seem, provided the people in Saipan a source ofRead MoreEthics, Privacy in the Workplace2391 Words   |  10 Pagesthe economically booming 1960’s and early 1970’s; of how people would walk into a workplace in the morning and get a job straight away or within a couple of days jobseeking. Resumes, application letters and application forms were unheard of unless you were applying for a professional level position. As competition for jobs increased in the mid 1970’s and early 1980’s more and more selection tools were required when hiring new staff. Resume’s detailing training, past employment and referees assistedRead MoreApplication of Ethical Theories12285 Words   |  50 PagesThe role of ethical theories is less dominant in the field of ethical decision making. Only a few ethical decision-making models rely directly on ethical theories. One example is Hunt and Vitells (1986) ethical decision making model according to which the evaluation phase of a decision-making process is carried out through a combination of utilitarian and deontological assessments. Some ethical decisionmaking models keep ethical theories in the background, implying that the theories are reflectedRead MoreImmanuel Kant s Moral Philosophy2217 Words   |  9 Pages‘wrong’ one), morals and ethics are more complicated than what we perceive it to be at first glance. For example, who decides which of the two is the more morally ‘correct’ option? What one perceives to be the ‘right’ option, may be an incorrect option to another person. So which person is morally correct? We can now clearly see how subjective morals and ethics can be. Although you may now come to the conclusion that there is no right option, and that the morally correct option is simply an opinion, variousRead MoreEthics And Law : Ethics1806 Words   |  8 Pagesethics is a subset of ethics and there are no differences between the two, immoral acts are immoral, no matter who committed them. Personal morals and ethics vary greatly and there are many different ethical theories such as deontology utilitarianism, ethical egoism, and more. These different theories have dif ferent views on what is considered moral (right) and immoral (wrong). Due to people having different views, the government had to establish laws to prevent unethical business practices. In order

In the play “Twelfth Night” Shakespeare bases the plot around a variety of different themes Free Essays

In the play ‘Twelfth Night’, Shakespeare bases the plot around a variety of different themes. The themes of disguise, music, loss and death are subtly introduced, however, the main theme of love is dramatically introduced by Orsino’s first line; ‘If music be the food of love play on’. As well as using a variety of themes, ‘Twelfth Night’ incorporates the different kinds of love that can have an effect on people. We will write a custom essay sample on In the play â€Å"Twelfth Night† Shakespeare bases the plot around a variety of different themes or any similar topic only for you Order Now These types of love range from brotherly love to instantaneous love and from unrequited love to impossible love. The use of the theme of love enables almost everybody to relate to events in the play. Love evokes a number of emotions and is a main ingredient, which brings comedy into the play. In Act 1:1 we see Olivia’s reaction to the death of her brother. Olivia takes grieving very seriously; ‘†¦she hath abjured herself from the sight and company of men’, and takes a vow of chastity. She plans to mourn her brother for seven years and she hides herself from the world; ‘But like a cloisters she will veilà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d walk’. Olivia chooses to dwell on her loss and her strict mourning period could be seen as selfish as life must go on. However, Olivia uses her brother’s death to shut herself away from life. In Act 1:5 Feste tries to prove Olivia a fool for taking her mourning period to such an extent. Feste cleverly tells Olivia that her brother’s soul is in hell. She protests and insists that his soul is in heaven; Feste then uses his quick-witted nature and says; ‘The more fool madonna, to mourn for your brother’s soul being in heaven†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Another example of brotherly love is shown when we meet Viola after the shipwreck in Act 1:2. She too ‘suffers the loss’ of a beloved brother but unlike Olivia, Viola takes decisive action following his apparent death. She reacts sensibly and practically to a traumatic situation. She desperately wants her brother to be alive; ‘O my poor brother! And so perchance may he be!’. However she realises that she must react calmly and productively to get by in life; ‘I’ll serve this Duke†¦.’. Viola’s love for Sebastian makes her determined and persistent to carry on. In Act 2:1 we see Sebastian’s caring nature and his mourning for his sister; ‘She is drownà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d already, sir, with salt water though I seem to drown her remembrance again with more’. Sebastian shows intense feelings of love and the desire to be reunited with his sister. When he sees Viola dressed as Cesario, he says if she were a woman; ‘I should let tears fall upon your cheek, And say, ‘Thrice welcome, drownà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d Viola’. Viola’s determination and Sebastian’s deeply affectionate feelings towards his sister depict the closeness between he siblings. Instantaneous love is the most frequent type of love experienced by the characters throughout the play. In Act 1:1 we learn how Orsino fell in love with Olivia from a distance; ‘When mine eyes did first see Olivia first, me thought she purged the air of pestilence’. This sighting of Olivia puts Orsino in a melodramatic, melancholy, lovesick mood. These feelings, however, start to eat away at him. Here he uses food imagery, ‘If music be the food of love play on’ and also shows his changeable fickle character when he says, ‘Enough; no more. ‘Tis not so sweet now as it was before.’ This could also mean that if he has too much of a good thing, i.e. love, he will become sick of it and stop loving Olivia. Orsino can’t express his feelings for Olivia and it is not long before we find that Olivia is actually in love with Viola/Cesario. We know that this is instantaneous love because Viola is dressed as a man, and she has fallen for his appearance. It is evident that Olivia likes Viola/Cesario because she takes off her veil, ‘†¦in the sight and company’ of a ‘man’, when he/she comes to woo her for Orsino. She tells Viola/Cesario that she cannot love Orsino and says, ‘Let him no more-unless you come to me again.’ Here she tells Orsino to stop wooing her, unless he is to send Viola/Cesario to do so. Olivia does not comprehend how it is possible to fall in love so quickly; ‘Even so quickly may one catch the plague?’. ‘To creep in at mine eyes’ could also indicate love at first sight. Desperate to see Viola/Cesario again, Olivia sends Malvolio after the youth, telling him; ‘He left this ring behind him’. It is in Act 2:2when Malvolio confronts Viola with the ring, Viola realises that Olivia loves her; ‘She loves me sure; the cunning of her passion, Invites me in this churlish messenger.’ Instantaneous love is also introduced when Olivia and Sebastian meet, when she tries to prevent Sir Toby from drawing sword on whom she believes to be Cesario. Sebastian immediately falls in love with Olivia; ‘If it be thus a dream, still let me sleep!’ and despite her calling him Cesario, agrees to marry her. Although Orsino loves Olivia for her outward appearance he also falls for Cesario’s inner character. He appreciates Viola/Cersario’s trustworthy character and after only a short period of time a strong bond ahs between the two; ‘I have unclasped to thee my secret soul’. In Act 1:5 Orsino comments on Viola’s womanly attributes and nature; ‘Diana’s lip is not more smooth and rubious; thy small pipe is as the maiden’s organ shrill and sound’. This is a good example of irony as Orsino is not yet aware that Viola/Cesario is actually a woman. After spending much time alone with Orsino, Viola falls in love. Her feelings start to fester, as she can’t express her love due to her disguise; ‘But let concealment like a worm i’th’ bud Feed on her damask cheek’. Viola is very subtle about her feelings towards Orsino yet she cleverly and indirectly tells him that she loves him; ‘As it may be perhaps, were I a woman, I should your lordship.’ It is in Act 5:1 that Viola openly declares her love for Orsino. Orsino angrily leaves and Viola follows telling Olivia that she is going; ‘After him I love, more than I love these eyes, more than my life. ‘ This explicit declaration of love comes despite Viola being disguised as a man. She also declares her love implicitly in the ‘willow cabin’ speech in Act 1:5 during, which she expresses the passion and rawness in the love that she has for Orsino. Impossible/forbidden love is also featured in the play. In Act 1:3 Sir Andrew tells of how he plans to woo Olivia but worries; ‘Your niece will not be seen, or if she be, it’s four to one, she’ll none of me’. Sir Toby, then, misleadingly says to Sir Andrew; ‘Tut there’s life in’t man.’ Here Sit Toby is telling Sir Andrew where there is life there is hope. Sir Andrew does not realise when people are taking advantage of his gullibility to make him the butt of their jokes. In Act 3:2 Sir Toby persuades Sir Andrew to challenge Viols/Cesario to a duel in order to impress Olivia; ‘there is no love-broker in the world can more prevail in mans commendation with woman that report valour.’ In a final attempt to woo Olivia Sir Andrew agrees to the duel with Cesario. This is an example of irony, as we know his attempts will not be triumphant as Olivia is in love with Cesario. Malvolio also has feelings for Olivia but his feelings are for selfish motives; ‘To be count Malvolio!’ Here Malvolio dreams of marrying Olivia even though he is merely a steward. He then says ;’There is example for it: the Lady of the Strachy married the yeoman of the wardrobe.’ He says this to justify his dreams and to make himself believe that he will have a chance of ‘love’ with Olivia. He is gulled into feeling that he in fact does have a chance with Olivia when Maria leaves a fraudulent letter ‘from Olivia’. Malvolio’s self-love allows him to assure himself that Olivia did in fact write the letter and that she does love him. Malvolio doesn’t need much persuading and he immediately sets about following the letters instructions; ‘He’s in yellow stockings’ which are ‘most villainously cross gartered.’ It seems that Malvolio ‘does obey every point of the letter’, showing his foolish, self-absorbed nature. We, again, know that Malvolio doesn’t have a chance of happiness with Olivia, not only because she is in love with Cesario but also because he is ‘merely a steward’. One of the more successful relationships that develops from friendship to love is that between Sir Toby and Maria. In the earlier scenes of the play we see the flourishing relationship between the two. They subtly show their feelings to one another throughout the play. This is evident whilst they indulge in verbal banter. Maria makes their early friendship obvious when she tells how she worries about Toby’s luxurious lifestyle; ‘That drinking and quaffing will undo you’. Toby, however, expresses his feelings in a more crude way; ‘board her, woe her, assail her’. The formulating plan to ‘gull’ Malvolio strengthens Maria and Toby’s relationship; ‘I could marry that wench for this device’. Toby refers to Maria using comic comparisons, ‘she is a beagle true bred’ and ‘good night Penthesila’, commenting on her diminutive size. In Act 2:5 Toby greet Maria with; ‘How now, my metal of India?’ proving that he thinks highly of her, comparing her to pure gold. We see how far their relationship has progressed when in Act 5:1 Fabian informs the characters; ‘Maria writ the letter, at Sir Toby’s great importance, In recompense whereof he hath married her’. The most memorable example of love in the play is that of Orsino’s for Viola. Not only does the idea of a man falling for ‘another man’ add comedy value to the play, it also provides some touching heart rendering scenes. Many of these scenes evoke sympathy towards Viola as she can’t express her returned feeling for Orsino due to her disguise; ‘my father had a daughter loved a man as it might be perhaps, where I a woman I should your lordship’. In Twelfth Night the theme of love brings comedy to the play and evokes a number of feelings such a sympathy, wonder, confusion and of course laughter. It also confronts issues, which many people can relate to, making Twelfth Night a fun and memorable play. How to cite In the play â€Å"Twelfth Night† Shakespeare bases the plot around a variety of different themes, Papers

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Nuh-poh-lee-uhn} Essay Napoleon I, known as Napoleon Bonaparte before he became emperor, was probably the most brilliant military figure in history. Rising to command of the French Revolutionary armies, he seized political power as first consul in 1799 and proclaimed himself emperor in 1804. By repeated victories over various European coalitions, he extended French rule over much of Europe. He was finally defeated in 1814-15. Early LifeNapoleon was born on Aug. 15, 1769, to Carlo and Letizia Buonaparte (see BONAPARTE family) at Ajaccio, Corsica. His father secured a scholarship for him to attend French military school at Brienne (1779-84). Ostracized as a foreigner, he devoted himself entirely to his studies and graduated 42d in his class of 58. He then spent a year at the Military Academy in Paris before he was commissioned (1785) a second lieutenant in artillery. Assigned to the Valence garrison, he spent more than half of the next 7 years on furlough in Corsica, often without authorization. He came into conflict with the Corsican nationalist Pasquale PAOLI, and his family was forced to flee to Marseille in 1793. Bonaparte had welcomed the beginning of the FRENCH REVOLUTION in 1789, and in September 1793 he assumed command of an artillery brigade at the siege of Toulon, where royalist leaders had welcomed a British fleet and enemy troops. The British were driven out (Dec. 17, 1793), and Bonaparte was rewarded with promotion to general of brigade and assigned to the French army in Italy in February 1794. After the overthrow of the revolutionary leader Maximilien ROBESPIERRE in July 1794, Bonaparte was briefly imprisoned because he was identified with Robespierres faction. Released in September, he was assigned to fight a rebellion in the Vendee. He refused to go, however, working instead in the topographic section of the army, and eventually his name was stricken (Sept. 15, 1795) from the list of general officers. On Oct. 5, 1795 (13 Vendemiaire under the Revolutionary calendar), a revolt broke out in Paris, protesting the means of implementing the new constitution introduced by the National Convention. Paul BARRAS, who had been given full military powers, ordered Bonaparte to defend the convention, and aided by Joachim MURATs cannons, he routed the insurrectionists within four months. Bonaparte was rewarded by the new government, the DIRECTORY, with appointment (March 1796) as commander of the Army of the Interior. Before taking up that post he married (March 9) JOSEPHINE de Beauharnais, the 33-year-old widow of a republican general and erstwhile lover of a series of men, including Barras. Italian and Egyptian CampaignsLate in March 1796, Bonaparte began a series of operations to divide and defeat the Austrian and Sardinian armies in Italy. He defeated (April 21) the Sardinians at Mondovi (April 21), forcing them to conclude a separate peace by which Savoy and Nice were ceded to France. Then, in a series of brilliant maneuvers and battles, he won Lombardy fro m the Austrians. Mantua, the last Lombard stronghold, fell in February 1797 after a prolonged siege; Bonaparte had defeated four attempts to relieve the siege. As he crossed the Alps to advance on Vienna, the Austrians sued for an armistice, which was concluded at Leoben on Apr. 18, 1797. Bonaparte then personally negotiated the Treaty of CAMPO FORMIO (Oct. 17, 1797), ending the war of the First Coalition, the first phase of the FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY WARS. In addition to attending to his military operations in Italy, Bonaparte engaged in political affairs. He reorganized northern Italy to create (1797) the Cisalpine Republic and negotiated treaties with various Italian rulers. He also purloined invaluable Italian works of art and vast quantities of money, which were sent to Paris to enhance French museums and to bolster French finances. On his return to Paris, the Directory proposed that Bonaparte invade England. Instead he urged the occupation of Egypt in order to threaten British I ndia. On May 19, 1798, he sailed with an army of more than 35,000 troops on 350 vessels for Alexandria, Egypt. After seizing Malta en route, he reached Egypt on July 1, after evading the fleet of the British admiral Horatio NELSON. There he occupied Alexandria and Cairo, guaranteed Islamic law, and began to reorganize the government. On August 1, however, Nelson attacked and annihilated the French fleet at Abukir Bay. Thus cut off from France, Bonaparte continued his administrative reorganization and helped create the Institute of Egypt, a scholarly institution that began the methodical study of ancient Egypt. This study resulted in the publication of the monumental 18-volume Description dEgypte (1808-25). In February 1799, Bonaparte learned of the Ottoman Empires declaration of war against France. To forestall a Turkish attack on Egypt he invaded Syria but was halted at Acre by Turkish troops under British command. Suffering from the plague, the French army returned to Cairo in Jun e. In the meantime French forces in Europe were being defeated by the armies of the Second Coalition, and Bonaparte resolved to return to France. He sailed on Aug. 24, 1799. First ConsulOn Bonapartes arrival in Paris on October 14, he joined Emmanuel SIEYES in a conspiracy to overthrow the Directory. On November 9 (18 Brumaire), Bonaparte was appointed commander of the Paris garrison, the legislative assemblies were moved from Paris to Saint Cloud, and the five Directory members resigned. The following day Bonaparte, aided by his brother Lucien, used troops to disperse the assemblies and accepted appointment as one of three consuls, with Sieyes and Pierre Roger Ducos. Despite Sieyess plans to dominate the CONSULATE, Bonaparte gained the position of first consul. He appointed the members of the council of state, government officials, and judges of the courts, but he had little control over the Legislative Corps. The Consulate guaranteed law and order and maintained the political and social accomplishments of the revolution. Behind a democratic facade, however, Bonaparte concentrated power in his own hands. During the rule of the Consulate more formidable legislation was completed than in any other comparable period in French history. Order and regularity were established in every branch of the government. Bonaparte centralized local government, appointing the prefects and mayors and their councils; he pacified the rebellious regions of France and reconciled the royalists; he actively participated in drawing up the NAPOLEONIC CODE, a complete codification of the civil law; he initiated (1801) the CONCORDAT with Pope PIUS VII, which reestablished Roman Catholicism in France; and he created (1802) the order of the Legion of Honor to reward civil and military merit. Bonaparte also consolidated the national debt, restored the value of French bonds, balanced the budget, established the Bank of France, and centralized equitable tax collection. He created the Society f or the Encouragement of National Industry and undertook vast public works projects. By creating the Universite de France, in effect a state licensing body for teachers, he brought the entire system of higher education under centralized state control. His concern with cultural grandeur was also reflected in the enlargement of the LOUVRE, the transformation of the Hotel Soubise into the Archives Nationales, and the construction of neoclassical buildings around Paris. These internal achievements were balanced by the restoration of French supremacy abroad. In June 1800, Bonaparte defeated the Austrians at Marengo, Italy. Peace with Austria was concluded in the Treaty of Luneville (Feb. 9, 1801), and a year later the Treaty of Amiens (Mar. 27, 1802; see AMIENS, TREATY OF) ended war with Britain. In acknowledgment of his achievements, Bonaparte was recognized by plebiscite as consul for life on Aug. 2, 1802. With peace restored, Bonaparte extended French influence into Holland (the Batavi an Republic), Switzerland (the Helvetic Republic), and Savoy-Piedmont, which was annexed to France; he played the major role in the Imperial Recess (1803), by which the free cities and minor states of the HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE were consolidated; and he attempted to extend the French colonial empire, principally by recovering Haiti (see LOUISIANA PURCHASE). As a result of these policies and his refusal to grant trade concessions to Britain, war was renewed in 1803. Bonaparte organized an army of 170,000 to invade Britain, but his complex strategy to draw the British fleets away from Britain failed. Meanwhile, Austria also prepared to resume war, forcing Bonaparte to abandon his invasion plans. Any hope of a future invasion was ended when the British admiral Nelson destroyed most of the Franco-Spanish fleet in the Battle of TRAFALGAR on Oct. 21, 1805. EmperorIn February 1804 a British-financed plot to assassinate Bonaparte was uncovered by the former police minister Joseph FOUCHE (who rec overed his job as a result of this discovery). Of the leading conspirators, Jean Charles PICHEGRU died in prison, Jean Victor MOREAU fled the country, and Georges Cadoudal was executed. Another victim was the duc dEnghien, a Bourban-Conde prince who was kidnapped from the German state of Baden and executed in France. In the wake of these events, which revived royalist hostility, the Senate petitioned Bonaparte to establish a hereditary dynasty. On Dec. 2, 1804, therefore, Napoleon crowned himself emperor in a ceremony presided over by Pope Pius VII. Napoleon created a titled court that included many of his statesmen and generals as well as ex-royalists. Believing that family ties were more durable than treaties, in the next few years he placed members of his family on the thrones of several satellite statesNaples, Holland, Westphalia, and Spainand married his relatives to some of the most distinguished families in Europe. Dynastic considerations also caused Bonaparte to divorce Jose phine in 1809 because she had borne him no male heir. He then married (Apr. 2, 1810) Marie Louise, daughter of Austrian Emperor Francis I; within a year a son, the king of Rome, was born. In 1805, Britain organized the Third Coalition against France, but Napoleons new Grand Army swept through Germany into Austria destroying both Austrian and Russian armies at Ulm and AUSTERLITZ. Austria signed (Dec. 26, 1805) the Treaty of Pressburg, by which Venice and Dalmatia were annexed to Napoleons Kingdom of Italy, and in 1806, Napoleon organized the Confederation of the Rhine, a grouping of German states under French protection. Soon after, the Holy Roman Empire was formally dissolved. Prussia helped organize the Fourth Coalition against Napoleon late in 1806, but its forces were destroyed by Napoleon in the Battle of Jena-Auerstadt (October 1806). After defeating the Russians at Eylau (Feb. 8, 1807) and Friedland (June 14, 1807), Napoleon forced the allies to sign (July 7-9, 1807) the Treat ies of TILSIT, which resulted in the creation of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and the Kingdom of Westphalia. Dominant in Europe, Napoleon was obsessed with Britains defiance and role as the commercial paymaster of Europe. To subdue Britain, Napoleon committed his most serious blunders. He imposed (1806) the CONTINENTAL SYSTEM, a blockade of British trade, on Europe to undermine the British economy. The refusal of Portugal to observe the blockade led to French intervention in Iberia and embroilment in the Peninsular War (see NAPOLEONIC WARS). While the Peninsular War raged, Austria mobilized and began the War of the Fifth Coalition. A series of hard-fought battles culminated in final French victory (July 5-6, 1809) at Wagram, and Austria lost Illyria and Galicia by the Treaty of Schonbrunn (Oct. 14, 1809). Although French control in Iberia was eroding by 1812, Napoleon invaded Russia on June 23-24 of that year. One major reason for the attack was the Russian refusal to accept the Contin ental System. The Russian armies withdrew, drawing Napoleon deep into Russia. Napoleon defeated them at Borodino on Sept. 7, 1812, and a week later reached Moscow. There he waited in vain for Emperor ALEXANDER Is surrender, while Russian arsonists set the city on fire. With reinforced Russian armies attacking his outlying positions and signs of winters approach, Napoleon ordered a retreat in October. Despite the deprivations suffered by his troops, the miserable weather, and the pursuing Russian army, Napoleon held the nucleus of his army together and managed to escape Russian encirclement. After crossing the Berezina River he left his ravaged army and hurried back to Paris on learning of an abortive coup in Paris by the demented general Claude Malet. After Napoleons Russian debacle the Prussians deserted their alliance with the French, and in 1813 the Sixth Coalition was formed among Prussia, Russia, Britain, and Sweden (ruled by the erstwhile Napoleonic general Bernadotte, later t o be King CHARLES XIV JOHN). Napoleon soon formed a new army and defeated the allies at Lutzen (May 2) and Bautzen (May 20-21). After a short armistice, hostilities again began in August, when Austria joined the coalition. Although Napoleon was victorious (August 26-27) at Dresden, the French were outnumbered two to one and defeated in the so-called Battle of Nations at Leipzig on October 16-19. Withdrawing across the Rhine, Napoleon refused to surrender any conquered territory, convinced that such a concession would cost him his crown in France. In 1814, France was invaded, and Napoleon again demonstrated his military genius by defeating each enemy army as it advanced on Paris. Hopelessly outnumbered he attempted to negotiate, but the allies continued to advance and took Paris on March 31. The Hundred DaysOn April 6, Napoleon abdicated in favor of his son. When the allies refused to accept this, he made his abdication unconditional on April 11. He then was exiled to the island of E LBA, where he was given sovereign power and introduced administrative, economic, and political reforms. Aware of Frances dissatisfaction over the restoration rule of the Bourbon dynasty, Napoleon decided to return to France in 1815. Landing at Cannes on March 1, he marched triumphantly through sympathetic areas of France and was greeted as the returning hero. King LOUIS XVIII fled abroad, and Napoleon occupied Paris on March 20, beginning the period called the Hundred Days. Although Napoleon proclaimed peaceful intentions, the allies, who were meeting in Vienna (see VIENNA, CONGRESS OF), immediately outlawed him and prepared for war. Before massive Russian and Austrian forces could reach France, Napoleon resolved to separate and defeat the Prussian and Anglo-Dutch armies in what is now Belgium. Despite several initial victories he was defeated by the duke of WELLINGTON and Gebhard von BLUCHER at Waterloo (see WATERLOO, BATTLE OF) on June 18, 1815. Napoleon returned to Paris, where h e abdicated for the second time on June 23. Fleeing to Aix, he surrendered to the captain of the British warship Bellerophon and was exiled to the island of SAINT HELENA. Living with his secretary and a few loyal friends, he dictated his memoirs, laying the foundation of the Napoleonic legend. He died on May 5, 1821. The Napoleonic legend was embellished by his followers in the succeeding decades of turbulent French politics. It facilitated the rise of Napoleons nephew, who eventually founded a Second Empire as Napoleon III in 1852. Allowing for the exaggerations of the legend, there remains no question that Napoleon I was a military genius. Although his ambition to dominate Europe cost France hundreds of thousands of lives, he left to that country many of the institutions that form its modern basis. His tomb in the Invalides in Paris is a national shrine. MacbethAnalysis of fear Essay

A More Perfect Union Essays - United States,

A More Perfect Union: The Articles of Confederation The determined Madison had for several years insatiably studied history and political theory searching for a solution to the political and economic dilemmas he saw plaguing America. The Virginian's labors convinced him of the futility and weakness of confederacies of independent states. America's own government under the Articles of Confederation, Madison was convinced, had to be replaced. In force since 1781, established as a league of friendship and a constitution for the 13 sovereign and independent states after the Revolution, the articles seemed to Madison woefully inadequate. With the states retaining considerable power, the central government, he believed, had insufficient power to regulate commerce. It could not tax and was generally impotent in setting commercial policy it could not effectively support a war effort. It had little power to settle quarrels between states. Saddled with this weak government, the states were on the brink of economic disaster. The evidence was ove rwhelming. Congress was attempting to function with a depleted treasury; paper money was flooding the country, creating extraordinary inflation--a pound of tea in some areas could be purchased for a tidy $100; and the depressed condition of business was taking its toll on many small farmers. Some of them were being thrown in jail for debt, and numerous farms were being confiscated and sold for taxes. In 1786 some of the farmers had fought back. Led by Daniel Shays, a former captain in the Continental army, a group of armed men, sporting evergreen twigs in their hats, prevented the circuit court from sitting at Northampton, MA, and threatened to seize muskets stored in the arsenal at Springfield. Although the insurrection was put down by state troops, the incident confirmed the fears of many wealthy men that anarchy was just around the corner. Embellished day after day in the press, the uprising made upper-class Americans shudder as they imagined hordes of vicious outlaws descending upon innocent citizens. From his idyllic Mount Vernon setting, Washington wrote to Madison: Wisdom and good examples are necessary at this time to rescue the political machine from the impending storm. Madison thought he had the answer. He wanted a strong central government to provide order and stability. Let it be tried then, he wrote, whether any middle ground can be taken which will at once support a due supremacy of the national authority, while maintaining state power only when subordinately useful. The resolute Virginian looked to the Constitutional Convention to forge a new government in this mold. The convention had its specific origins in a proposal offered by Madison and John Tyler in the Virginia assembly that the Continental Congress be given power to regulate commerce throughout the Confederation. Through their efforts in the assembly a plan was devised inviting the several states to attend a convention at Annapolis, MD, in September 1786 to discuss commercial problems. Madison and a young lawyer from New York named Alexander Hamilton issued a report on the meeting in Annapolis, calling upon Congress to summon delegates of all of the states to meet for the purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation. Although the report was widely viewed as a usurpation of congressional authority, the Congress did issue a formal call to the states for a convention. To Madison it represented the supreme chance to reverse the country's trend. And as the delegations gathered in Philadelphia, its importance was not lost to others. The squire of Gunston Hall, George Mason, wrote to his s on, The Eyes of the United States are turned upon this Assembly and their Expectations raised to a very anxious Degree. May God Grant that we may be able to gratify them, by establishing a wise and just Government. likely. The Great Compromise Also crowding into this complicated and divisive discussion over representation was the North-South division over the method by which slaves were to be counted for purposes of taxation and representation. On July 12 Oliver Ellsworth proposed that representation for the lower house be based on the number of free persons and three-fifths of all other persons, a euphemism for slaves. In the following week the members finally compromised, agreeing that direct taxation be according to representation and that the representation