The Myth Of The Latin Wom I Just Met A Girl Named Maria

The essay â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria† by Judith Ortiz Cofer is about deprivation that Latin women go through everyday due to stereotypes that society make up. Stereotypes play a big role in the way that individuals are identified by society. Cofer describes her personal experiences of being a Latin woman, and her struggles that she has to face because of the stereotypes. Cofer tells us of some incidences that happened throughout her life. Like going to London for a summer to Oxford University, where a man sees her on a bus, drops to his knees and sings his own version of â€Å"Maria† from West Side Story. Even though she was aggravated, she tried to be calm while everyone around her were amused by the young man’s song. She describes how growing up during 1960’s in New Jersey, she suffered from â€Å"cultural schizophrenia† which meant she was forced to keep on with her heritage. Being a Latin woman you’ re raised strictly and they have high expectations. Mothers encouraged their daughters to act like mature women. Cofer explains another stereotype, such as the â€Å"hot tamale†, where woman are viewed as sexual objects. Woman are usually misinterpreted because of the way they are dressed. Some men treat Latin woman without respect. She talks about when she was at a hotel. A man approached her and began to sing the song of â€Å"Don’t Cry for Me, Argentina† in the tune of â€Å"La Bamba†. She was offended by the man’s song. People view Latin’s as house maids,Show MoreRelatedThe Myth Of The Latin Wom I Just Met A Girl Named Maria Essay1830 Words   |  8 PagesIn â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria,† the incidents on the bus, in the hotel, and at the poetry involved prejudice and stereotypical misconceptions of Puerto Rican women. While Cofer was on a bus trip to Oxford University, a man â€Å"broke into an Irish tenor’s rendition of â€Å"Maria† from West Side Story† (Cofer 103). This implies that Latinas dealt with people who automatically assume that a Latina’s name is â€Å"Maria† or â€Å"Evita† based on a fictional movie. While at a hotel withRead MoreThe Myth Of The Latin Wom I Just Met A Girl Named Maria868 Words   |  4 Pagessociety. â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria† is a short essay in which the award winning poet and professor of English, Judith Ortiz Cofer, wishes to inform and persuade the audience that labels and stereotypes can be humiliating and hurtful. The author targets the general public, anyone that doesn’t understand that putting someone in a box because of a stereotype is wrong. Cofer starts out the essay by telling the reader a story with a drunk man who re-enacted â€Å"Maria† from theRead MoreThe Myth Of The Latin Wom I Just Met A Girl Named Maria Essay1757 Word s   |  8 PagesThe articles â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria† written by Juthish Oriz Cofer and â€Å"White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack† by Peggy McIntosh are two essays covering the topic of race and gender. With a focus on privilege and race, one may assume that these two articles say the same thing, while in reality that is not true. As McIntosh and Cofer come from two different backgrounds and social standing, the authors offer two very unique views on the subject matterRead MoreComparing Mairs And The Myth Of A Latin Wom I Just Met A Girl Named Maria1328 Words   |  6 PagesWe tend to identify them based on their appearance, rather than who or how they are as people. We are often unaware of the impacts our labels have on these people. In the essay â€Å" On being a cripple† by Nancy Mairs and â€Å" The Myth of a Latin woman : I Just Met a Girl Named Maria† by Judith Ortiz Cofer, the writers have s uccessfully portrayed the feelings that arise in people’s mind based on the way they are identified. In both the essays, the writers tell us how they have been incorrectly labeled and

Egoism Or Utilitarianism, Which Do You Prefer - 1151 Words

Critical Essay Egoism or Utilitarianism, which do you prefer? Well maybe the question should be, are either of them decent choices or maybe we need to think a little harder and come up with a better system. I will tell you about two of the people that stand for these philosophies, their ideas of the philosophy and some of the challenges that may be made against them. In the end I will let you know which one I think is a better system or maybe I will choose that neither of them will make work and I will have to explain what I think is a better system. John Stuart Mill What do we do that make our actions right or wrong? Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, and wrong as they tend to create the opposite of happiness. John regarded happiness as pleasure and absence of pain. He also believed that the quality and quantity of pleasure can be different because they are expressed differently. He believed that if we used higher expectations that the experience would be more pleasurable than the experience that those had that used little or no expectations. An example of this could be someone that got their happiness from getting into the nursing program and getting their RN degree, rather than the happiness that someone gets from sitting on the couch being lazy, of course this is an example from today’s time, and not the time that Mill lived and wrote his books and moral philosophy’s. Utilitarianism is fair because it is said to treat everyoneShow MoreRelatedWhy Utilitarianism Is The Best Moral Theory1994 W ords   |  8 Pagescurrently studying the following theories: Intuitionism, Egoism, Utilitarianism, Divine Command Theory, Virtue Ethics, Cultural Relativism, Moral Nihilism, Ethics of Caring, Kantian Ethics and Social Contract Theory. I’ve read each one of them and have noticed their flaws. I was impressed with utilitarianism, which shows the most logically believed theory. I have no doubt utilitarianism is the best moral theory. I chose to defend utilitarianism because it has a major influence on the types of assessmentRead MoreEthics Is The Branch Of Study Dealing With Social Principles3917 Words   |  16 Pagesethical relativism, egoism, utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, virtue ethics, and ethics of care, social contract theory, divine command, and intuitionism. None of those theories is without imperfection. I have noticed their flaws but was impressed with utilitarianism, which shows the most logically believed theory. I chose to describe and to defend utilitarianism. Comparing utilitarianism to intuition, egoism, Kant ethics, and other theories so far, I have no doubt utilitarianism is the best moral theoryRead MoreEssay about Utilitarianism: Explanation And Study of Criticisms3046 Words   |  13 PagesUtilitarianism: Explanation And Study of Criticisms The dictionary definition of Utilitarianism is: The doctrine that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should be the guiding principal of conduct. When making a moral decision, we should look at the outcome of an action. Whatever brings the greatest happiness to the most people is the morally right decision. It is a consequentialist principal where the majority rules. It is also relative as each situationRead MoreEgoism : Decision On Selling The Plant2473 Words   |  10 PagesEgoism – Decision on selling the plant in Wisconsin To begin, the first ethical theory that will be discussed is Egoism. As stated by Weber, an egoist is an individual that assumes a narrow focus of analysis – the self – and may consider either the probable consequences of the self or evoke a personal set of ethics (Weber 2015). Moreover, since egoists focus on themselves, they do not ponder the consideration of others in regards to their decision-making. While coming to decisions, consequencesRead MoreEssay on Ethical Law Enforcement1364 Words   |  6 Pageswas driving and also a domestic violence call. The main issue is that the officers decided to give the husband a sobriety test and that was not supposed to happen since they didn’t see him driving the vehicle. 2. What are the most important facts? Which facts have the most bearing on the ethical decision presented? Include any important potential economic, social, or political pressures, and exclude inconsequential facts. The officers gave the husband a sobriety test, they also gave the husband aRead MoreThe Csr Evaluation of Gap Inc.2143 Words   |  9 Pagessubsidiary in Saipan. The decision to use child labor and sweatshop in Saipan was made by the management of Gap Inc. that could either be seen as egoism or utilitarianism (Smith, 2004). On one hand, on the egoism perspective, Gap Inc. could have decided to use child and sweatshop labor to cut its costs and maximize its profits. On the other hand, on the utilitarianism perspective, Gap’s decision to use child and sweatshop labor, cruel and ethical as it might seem, provided the people in Saipan a source ofRead MoreEthics, Privacy in the Workplace2391 Words   |  10 Pagesthe economically booming 1960’s and early 1970’s; of how people would walk into a workplace in the morning and get a job straight away or within a couple of days jobseeking. Resumes, application letters and application forms were unheard of unless you were applying for a professional level position. As competition for jobs increased in the mid 1970’s and early 1980’s more and more selection tools were required when hiring new staff. Resume’s detailing training, past employment and referees assistedRead MoreApplication of Ethical Theories12285 Words   |  50 PagesThe role of ethical theories is less dominant in the field of ethical decision making. Only a few ethical decision-making models rely directly on ethical theories. One example is Hunt and Vitells (1986) ethical decision making model according to which the evaluation phase of a decision-making process is carried out through a combination of utilitarian and deontological assessments. Some ethical decisionmaking models keep ethical theories in the background, implying that the theories are reflectedRead MoreImmanuel Kant s Moral Philosophy2217 Words   |  9 Pages‘wrong’ one), morals and ethics are more complicated than what we perceive it to be at first glance. For example, who decides which of the two is the more morally ‘correct’ option? What one perceives to be the ‘right’ option, may be an incorrect option to another person. So which person is morally correct? We can now clearly see how subjective morals and ethics can be. Although you may now come to the conclusion that there is no right option, and that the morally correct option is simply an opinion, variousRead MoreEthics And Law : Ethics1806 Words   |  8 Pagesethics is a subset of ethics and there are no differences between the two, immoral acts are immoral, no matter who committed them. Personal morals and ethics vary greatly and there are many different ethical theories such as deontology utilitarianism, ethical egoism, and more. These different theories have dif ferent views on what is considered moral (right) and immoral (wrong). Due to people having different views, the government had to establish laws to prevent unethical business practices. In order

In the play “Twelfth Night” Shakespeare bases the plot around a variety of different themes Free Essays

In the play ‘Twelfth Night’, Shakespeare bases the plot around a variety of different themes. The themes of disguise, music, loss and death are subtly introduced, however, the main theme of love is dramatically introduced by Orsino’s first line; ‘If music be the food of love play on’. As well as using a variety of themes, ‘Twelfth Night’ incorporates the different kinds of love that can have an effect on people. We will write a custom essay sample on In the play â€Å"Twelfth Night† Shakespeare bases the plot around a variety of different themes or any similar topic only for you Order Now These types of love range from brotherly love to instantaneous love and from unrequited love to impossible love. The use of the theme of love enables almost everybody to relate to events in the play. Love evokes a number of emotions and is a main ingredient, which brings comedy into the play. In Act 1:1 we see Olivia’s reaction to the death of her brother. Olivia takes grieving very seriously; ‘†¦she hath abjured herself from the sight and company of men’, and takes a vow of chastity. She plans to mourn her brother for seven years and she hides herself from the world; ‘But like a cloisters she will veilà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d walk’. Olivia chooses to dwell on her loss and her strict mourning period could be seen as selfish as life must go on. However, Olivia uses her brother’s death to shut herself away from life. In Act 1:5 Feste tries to prove Olivia a fool for taking her mourning period to such an extent. Feste cleverly tells Olivia that her brother’s soul is in hell. She protests and insists that his soul is in heaven; Feste then uses his quick-witted nature and says; ‘The more fool madonna, to mourn for your brother’s soul being in heaven†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Another example of brotherly love is shown when we meet Viola after the shipwreck in Act 1:2. She too ‘suffers the loss’ of a beloved brother but unlike Olivia, Viola takes decisive action following his apparent death. She reacts sensibly and practically to a traumatic situation. She desperately wants her brother to be alive; ‘O my poor brother! And so perchance may he be!’. However she realises that she must react calmly and productively to get by in life; ‘I’ll serve this Duke†¦.’. Viola’s love for Sebastian makes her determined and persistent to carry on. In Act 2:1 we see Sebastian’s caring nature and his mourning for his sister; ‘She is drownà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d already, sir, with salt water though I seem to drown her remembrance again with more’. Sebastian shows intense feelings of love and the desire to be reunited with his sister. When he sees Viola dressed as Cesario, he says if she were a woman; ‘I should let tears fall upon your cheek, And say, ‘Thrice welcome, drownà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d Viola’. Viola’s determination and Sebastian’s deeply affectionate feelings towards his sister depict the closeness between he siblings. Instantaneous love is the most frequent type of love experienced by the characters throughout the play. In Act 1:1 we learn how Orsino fell in love with Olivia from a distance; ‘When mine eyes did first see Olivia first, me thought she purged the air of pestilence’. This sighting of Olivia puts Orsino in a melodramatic, melancholy, lovesick mood. These feelings, however, start to eat away at him. Here he uses food imagery, ‘If music be the food of love play on’ and also shows his changeable fickle character when he says, ‘Enough; no more. ‘Tis not so sweet now as it was before.’ This could also mean that if he has too much of a good thing, i.e. love, he will become sick of it and stop loving Olivia. Orsino can’t express his feelings for Olivia and it is not long before we find that Olivia is actually in love with Viola/Cesario. We know that this is instantaneous love because Viola is dressed as a man, and she has fallen for his appearance. It is evident that Olivia likes Viola/Cesario because she takes off her veil, ‘†¦in the sight and company’ of a ‘man’, when he/she comes to woo her for Orsino. She tells Viola/Cesario that she cannot love Orsino and says, ‘Let him no more-unless you come to me again.’ Here she tells Orsino to stop wooing her, unless he is to send Viola/Cesario to do so. Olivia does not comprehend how it is possible to fall in love so quickly; ‘Even so quickly may one catch the plague?’. ‘To creep in at mine eyes’ could also indicate love at first sight. Desperate to see Viola/Cesario again, Olivia sends Malvolio after the youth, telling him; ‘He left this ring behind him’. It is in Act 2:2when Malvolio confronts Viola with the ring, Viola realises that Olivia loves her; ‘She loves me sure; the cunning of her passion, Invites me in this churlish messenger.’ Instantaneous love is also introduced when Olivia and Sebastian meet, when she tries to prevent Sir Toby from drawing sword on whom she believes to be Cesario. Sebastian immediately falls in love with Olivia; ‘If it be thus a dream, still let me sleep!’ and despite her calling him Cesario, agrees to marry her. Although Orsino loves Olivia for her outward appearance he also falls for Cesario’s inner character. He appreciates Viola/Cersario’s trustworthy character and after only a short period of time a strong bond ahs between the two; ‘I have unclasped to thee my secret soul’. In Act 1:5 Orsino comments on Viola’s womanly attributes and nature; ‘Diana’s lip is not more smooth and rubious; thy small pipe is as the maiden’s organ shrill and sound’. This is a good example of irony as Orsino is not yet aware that Viola/Cesario is actually a woman. After spending much time alone with Orsino, Viola falls in love. Her feelings start to fester, as she can’t express her love due to her disguise; ‘But let concealment like a worm i’th’ bud Feed on her damask cheek’. Viola is very subtle about her feelings towards Orsino yet she cleverly and indirectly tells him that she loves him; ‘As it may be perhaps, were I a woman, I should your lordship.’ It is in Act 5:1 that Viola openly declares her love for Orsino. Orsino angrily leaves and Viola follows telling Olivia that she is going; ‘After him I love, more than I love these eyes, more than my life. ‘ This explicit declaration of love comes despite Viola being disguised as a man. She also declares her love implicitly in the ‘willow cabin’ speech in Act 1:5 during, which she expresses the passion and rawness in the love that she has for Orsino. Impossible/forbidden love is also featured in the play. In Act 1:3 Sir Andrew tells of how he plans to woo Olivia but worries; ‘Your niece will not be seen, or if she be, it’s four to one, she’ll none of me’. Sir Toby, then, misleadingly says to Sir Andrew; ‘Tut there’s life in’t man.’ Here Sit Toby is telling Sir Andrew where there is life there is hope. Sir Andrew does not realise when people are taking advantage of his gullibility to make him the butt of their jokes. In Act 3:2 Sir Toby persuades Sir Andrew to challenge Viols/Cesario to a duel in order to impress Olivia; ‘there is no love-broker in the world can more prevail in mans commendation with woman that report valour.’ In a final attempt to woo Olivia Sir Andrew agrees to the duel with Cesario. This is an example of irony, as we know his attempts will not be triumphant as Olivia is in love with Cesario. Malvolio also has feelings for Olivia but his feelings are for selfish motives; ‘To be count Malvolio!’ Here Malvolio dreams of marrying Olivia even though he is merely a steward. He then says ;’There is example for it: the Lady of the Strachy married the yeoman of the wardrobe.’ He says this to justify his dreams and to make himself believe that he will have a chance of ‘love’ with Olivia. He is gulled into feeling that he in fact does have a chance with Olivia when Maria leaves a fraudulent letter ‘from Olivia’. Malvolio’s self-love allows him to assure himself that Olivia did in fact write the letter and that she does love him. Malvolio doesn’t need much persuading and he immediately sets about following the letters instructions; ‘He’s in yellow stockings’ which are ‘most villainously cross gartered.’ It seems that Malvolio ‘does obey every point of the letter’, showing his foolish, self-absorbed nature. We, again, know that Malvolio doesn’t have a chance of happiness with Olivia, not only because she is in love with Cesario but also because he is ‘merely a steward’. One of the more successful relationships that develops from friendship to love is that between Sir Toby and Maria. In the earlier scenes of the play we see the flourishing relationship between the two. They subtly show their feelings to one another throughout the play. This is evident whilst they indulge in verbal banter. Maria makes their early friendship obvious when she tells how she worries about Toby’s luxurious lifestyle; ‘That drinking and quaffing will undo you’. Toby, however, expresses his feelings in a more crude way; ‘board her, woe her, assail her’. The formulating plan to ‘gull’ Malvolio strengthens Maria and Toby’s relationship; ‘I could marry that wench for this device’. Toby refers to Maria using comic comparisons, ‘she is a beagle true bred’ and ‘good night Penthesila’, commenting on her diminutive size. In Act 2:5 Toby greet Maria with; ‘How now, my metal of India?’ proving that he thinks highly of her, comparing her to pure gold. We see how far their relationship has progressed when in Act 5:1 Fabian informs the characters; ‘Maria writ the letter, at Sir Toby’s great importance, In recompense whereof he hath married her’. The most memorable example of love in the play is that of Orsino’s for Viola. Not only does the idea of a man falling for ‘another man’ add comedy value to the play, it also provides some touching heart rendering scenes. Many of these scenes evoke sympathy towards Viola as she can’t express her returned feeling for Orsino due to her disguise; ‘my father had a daughter loved a man as it might be perhaps, where I a woman I should your lordship’. In Twelfth Night the theme of love brings comedy to the play and evokes a number of feelings such a sympathy, wonder, confusion and of course laughter. It also confronts issues, which many people can relate to, making Twelfth Night a fun and memorable play. How to cite In the play â€Å"Twelfth Night† Shakespeare bases the plot around a variety of different themes, Papers

Nuh

Nuh-poh-lee-uhn} Essay Napoleon I, known as Napoleon Bonaparte before he became emperor, was probably the most brilliant military figure in history. Rising to command of the French Revolutionary armies, he seized political power as first consul in 1799 and proclaimed himself emperor in 1804. By repeated victories over various European coalitions, he extended French rule over much of Europe. He was finally defeated in 1814-15. Early LifeNapoleon was born on Aug. 15, 1769, to Carlo and Letizia Buonaparte (see BONAPARTE family) at Ajaccio, Corsica. His father secured a scholarship for him to attend French military school at Brienne (1779-84). Ostracized as a foreigner, he devoted himself entirely to his studies and graduated 42d in his class of 58. He then spent a year at the Military Academy in Paris before he was commissioned (1785) a second lieutenant in artillery. Assigned to the Valence garrison, he spent more than half of the next 7 years on furlough in Corsica, often without authorization. He came into conflict with the Corsican nationalist Pasquale PAOLI, and his family was forced to flee to Marseille in 1793. Bonaparte had welcomed the beginning of the FRENCH REVOLUTION in 1789, and in September 1793 he assumed command of an artillery brigade at the siege of Toulon, where royalist leaders had welcomed a British fleet and enemy troops. The British were driven out (Dec. 17, 1793), and Bonaparte was rewarded with promotion to general of brigade and assigned to the French army in Italy in February 1794. After the overthrow of the revolutionary leader Maximilien ROBESPIERRE in July 1794, Bonaparte was briefly imprisoned because he was identified with Robespierres faction. Released in September, he was assigned to fight a rebellion in the Vendee. He refused to go, however, working instead in the topographic section of the army, and eventually his name was stricken (Sept. 15, 1795) from the list of general officers. On Oct. 5, 1795 (13 Vendemiaire under the Revolutionary calendar), a revolt broke out in Paris, protesting the means of implementing the new constitution introduced by the National Convention. Paul BARRAS, who had been given full military powers, ordered Bonaparte to defend the convention, and aided by Joachim MURATs cannons, he routed the insurrectionists within four months. Bonaparte was rewarded by the new government, the DIRECTORY, with appointment (March 1796) as commander of the Army of the Interior. Before taking up that post he married (March 9) JOSEPHINE de Beauharnais, the 33-year-old widow of a republican general and erstwhile lover of a series of men, including Barras. Italian and Egyptian CampaignsLate in March 1796, Bonaparte began a series of operations to divide and defeat the Austrian and Sardinian armies in Italy. He defeated (April 21) the Sardinians at Mondovi (April 21), forcing them to conclude a separate peace by which Savoy and Nice were ceded to France. Then, in a series of brilliant maneuvers and battles, he won Lombardy fro m the Austrians. Mantua, the last Lombard stronghold, fell in February 1797 after a prolonged siege; Bonaparte had defeated four attempts to relieve the siege. As he crossed the Alps to advance on Vienna, the Austrians sued for an armistice, which was concluded at Leoben on Apr. 18, 1797. Bonaparte then personally negotiated the Treaty of CAMPO FORMIO (Oct. 17, 1797), ending the war of the First Coalition, the first phase of the FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY WARS. In addition to attending to his military operations in Italy, Bonaparte engaged in political affairs. He reorganized northern Italy to create (1797) the Cisalpine Republic and negotiated treaties with various Italian rulers. He also purloined invaluable Italian works of art and vast quantities of money, which were sent to Paris to enhance French museums and to bolster French finances. On his return to Paris, the Directory proposed that Bonaparte invade England. Instead he urged the occupation of Egypt in order to threaten British I ndia. On May 19, 1798, he sailed with an army of more than 35,000 troops on 350 vessels for Alexandria, Egypt. After seizing Malta en route, he reached Egypt on July 1, after evading the fleet of the British admiral Horatio NELSON. There he occupied Alexandria and Cairo, guaranteed Islamic law, and began to reorganize the government. On August 1, however, Nelson attacked and annihilated the French fleet at Abukir Bay. Thus cut off from France, Bonaparte continued his administrative reorganization and helped create the Institute of Egypt, a scholarly institution that began the methodical study of ancient Egypt. This study resulted in the publication of the monumental 18-volume Description dEgypte (1808-25). In February 1799, Bonaparte learned of the Ottoman Empires declaration of war against France. To forestall a Turkish attack on Egypt he invaded Syria but was halted at Acre by Turkish troops under British command. Suffering from the plague, the French army returned to Cairo in Jun e. In the meantime French forces in Europe were being defeated by the armies of the Second Coalition, and Bonaparte resolved to return to France. He sailed on Aug. 24, 1799. First ConsulOn Bonapartes arrival in Paris on October 14, he joined Emmanuel SIEYES in a conspiracy to overthrow the Directory. On November 9 (18 Brumaire), Bonaparte was appointed commander of the Paris garrison, the legislative assemblies were moved from Paris to Saint Cloud, and the five Directory members resigned. The following day Bonaparte, aided by his brother Lucien, used troops to disperse the assemblies and accepted appointment as one of three consuls, with Sieyes and Pierre Roger Ducos. Despite Sieyess plans to dominate the CONSULATE, Bonaparte gained the position of first consul. He appointed the members of the council of state, government officials, and judges of the courts, but he had little control over the Legislative Corps. The Consulate guaranteed law and order and maintained the political and social accomplishments of the revolution. Behind a democratic facade, however, Bonaparte concentrated power in his own hands. During the rule of the Consulate more formidable legislation was completed than in any other comparable period in French history. Order and regularity were established in every branch of the government. Bonaparte centralized local government, appointing the prefects and mayors and their councils; he pacified the rebellious regions of France and reconciled the royalists; he actively participated in drawing up the NAPOLEONIC CODE, a complete codification of the civil law; he initiated (1801) the CONCORDAT with Pope PIUS VII, which reestablished Roman Catholicism in France; and he created (1802) the order of the Legion of Honor to reward civil and military merit. Bonaparte also consolidated the national debt, restored the value of French bonds, balanced the budget, established the Bank of France, and centralized equitable tax collection. He created the Society f or the Encouragement of National Industry and undertook vast public works projects. By creating the Universite de France, in effect a state licensing body for teachers, he brought the entire system of higher education under centralized state control. His concern with cultural grandeur was also reflected in the enlargement of the LOUVRE, the transformation of the Hotel Soubise into the Archives Nationales, and the construction of neoclassical buildings around Paris. These internal achievements were balanced by the restoration of French supremacy abroad. In June 1800, Bonaparte defeated the Austrians at Marengo, Italy. Peace with Austria was concluded in the Treaty of Luneville (Feb. 9, 1801), and a year later the Treaty of Amiens (Mar. 27, 1802; see AMIENS, TREATY OF) ended war with Britain. In acknowledgment of his achievements, Bonaparte was recognized by plebiscite as consul for life on Aug. 2, 1802. With peace restored, Bonaparte extended French influence into Holland (the Batavi an Republic), Switzerland (the Helvetic Republic), and Savoy-Piedmont, which was annexed to France; he played the major role in the Imperial Recess (1803), by which the free cities and minor states of the HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE were consolidated; and he attempted to extend the French colonial empire, principally by recovering Haiti (see LOUISIANA PURCHASE). As a result of these policies and his refusal to grant trade concessions to Britain, war was renewed in 1803. Bonaparte organized an army of 170,000 to invade Britain, but his complex strategy to draw the British fleets away from Britain failed. Meanwhile, Austria also prepared to resume war, forcing Bonaparte to abandon his invasion plans. Any hope of a future invasion was ended when the British admiral Nelson destroyed most of the Franco-Spanish fleet in the Battle of TRAFALGAR on Oct. 21, 1805. EmperorIn February 1804 a British-financed plot to assassinate Bonaparte was uncovered by the former police minister Joseph FOUCHE (who rec overed his job as a result of this discovery). Of the leading conspirators, Jean Charles PICHEGRU died in prison, Jean Victor MOREAU fled the country, and Georges Cadoudal was executed. Another victim was the duc dEnghien, a Bourban-Conde prince who was kidnapped from the German state of Baden and executed in France. In the wake of these events, which revived royalist hostility, the Senate petitioned Bonaparte to establish a hereditary dynasty. On Dec. 2, 1804, therefore, Napoleon crowned himself emperor in a ceremony presided over by Pope Pius VII. Napoleon created a titled court that included many of his statesmen and generals as well as ex-royalists. Believing that family ties were more durable than treaties, in the next few years he placed members of his family on the thrones of several satellite statesNaples, Holland, Westphalia, and Spainand married his relatives to some of the most distinguished families in Europe. Dynastic considerations also caused Bonaparte to divorce Jose phine in 1809 because she had borne him no male heir. He then married (Apr. 2, 1810) Marie Louise, daughter of Austrian Emperor Francis I; within a year a son, the king of Rome, was born. In 1805, Britain organized the Third Coalition against France, but Napoleons new Grand Army swept through Germany into Austria destroying both Austrian and Russian armies at Ulm and AUSTERLITZ. Austria signed (Dec. 26, 1805) the Treaty of Pressburg, by which Venice and Dalmatia were annexed to Napoleons Kingdom of Italy, and in 1806, Napoleon organized the Confederation of the Rhine, a grouping of German states under French protection. Soon after, the Holy Roman Empire was formally dissolved. Prussia helped organize the Fourth Coalition against Napoleon late in 1806, but its forces were destroyed by Napoleon in the Battle of Jena-Auerstadt (October 1806). After defeating the Russians at Eylau (Feb. 8, 1807) and Friedland (June 14, 1807), Napoleon forced the allies to sign (July 7-9, 1807) the Treat ies of TILSIT, which resulted in the creation of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and the Kingdom of Westphalia. Dominant in Europe, Napoleon was obsessed with Britains defiance and role as the commercial paymaster of Europe. To subdue Britain, Napoleon committed his most serious blunders. He imposed (1806) the CONTINENTAL SYSTEM, a blockade of British trade, on Europe to undermine the British economy. The refusal of Portugal to observe the blockade led to French intervention in Iberia and embroilment in the Peninsular War (see NAPOLEONIC WARS). While the Peninsular War raged, Austria mobilized and began the War of the Fifth Coalition. A series of hard-fought battles culminated in final French victory (July 5-6, 1809) at Wagram, and Austria lost Illyria and Galicia by the Treaty of Schonbrunn (Oct. 14, 1809). Although French control in Iberia was eroding by 1812, Napoleon invaded Russia on June 23-24 of that year. One major reason for the attack was the Russian refusal to accept the Contin ental System. The Russian armies withdrew, drawing Napoleon deep into Russia. Napoleon defeated them at Borodino on Sept. 7, 1812, and a week later reached Moscow. There he waited in vain for Emperor ALEXANDER Is surrender, while Russian arsonists set the city on fire. With reinforced Russian armies attacking his outlying positions and signs of winters approach, Napoleon ordered a retreat in October. Despite the deprivations suffered by his troops, the miserable weather, and the pursuing Russian army, Napoleon held the nucleus of his army together and managed to escape Russian encirclement. After crossing the Berezina River he left his ravaged army and hurried back to Paris on learning of an abortive coup in Paris by the demented general Claude Malet. After Napoleons Russian debacle the Prussians deserted their alliance with the French, and in 1813 the Sixth Coalition was formed among Prussia, Russia, Britain, and Sweden (ruled by the erstwhile Napoleonic general Bernadotte, later t o be King CHARLES XIV JOHN). Napoleon soon formed a new army and defeated the allies at Lutzen (May 2) and Bautzen (May 20-21). After a short armistice, hostilities again began in August, when Austria joined the coalition. Although Napoleon was victorious (August 26-27) at Dresden, the French were outnumbered two to one and defeated in the so-called Battle of Nations at Leipzig on October 16-19. Withdrawing across the Rhine, Napoleon refused to surrender any conquered territory, convinced that such a concession would cost him his crown in France. In 1814, France was invaded, and Napoleon again demonstrated his military genius by defeating each enemy army as it advanced on Paris. Hopelessly outnumbered he attempted to negotiate, but the allies continued to advance and took Paris on March 31. The Hundred DaysOn April 6, Napoleon abdicated in favor of his son. When the allies refused to accept this, he made his abdication unconditional on April 11. He then was exiled to the island of E LBA, where he was given sovereign power and introduced administrative, economic, and political reforms. Aware of Frances dissatisfaction over the restoration rule of the Bourbon dynasty, Napoleon decided to return to France in 1815. Landing at Cannes on March 1, he marched triumphantly through sympathetic areas of France and was greeted as the returning hero. King LOUIS XVIII fled abroad, and Napoleon occupied Paris on March 20, beginning the period called the Hundred Days. Although Napoleon proclaimed peaceful intentions, the allies, who were meeting in Vienna (see VIENNA, CONGRESS OF), immediately outlawed him and prepared for war. Before massive Russian and Austrian forces could reach France, Napoleon resolved to separate and defeat the Prussian and Anglo-Dutch armies in what is now Belgium. Despite several initial victories he was defeated by the duke of WELLINGTON and Gebhard von BLUCHER at Waterloo (see WATERLOO, BATTLE OF) on June 18, 1815. Napoleon returned to Paris, where h e abdicated for the second time on June 23. Fleeing to Aix, he surrendered to the captain of the British warship Bellerophon and was exiled to the island of SAINT HELENA. Living with his secretary and a few loyal friends, he dictated his memoirs, laying the foundation of the Napoleonic legend. He died on May 5, 1821. The Napoleonic legend was embellished by his followers in the succeeding decades of turbulent French politics. It facilitated the rise of Napoleons nephew, who eventually founded a Second Empire as Napoleon III in 1852. Allowing for the exaggerations of the legend, there remains no question that Napoleon I was a military genius. Although his ambition to dominate Europe cost France hundreds of thousands of lives, he left to that country many of the institutions that form its modern basis. His tomb in the Invalides in Paris is a national shrine. MacbethAnalysis of fear Essay

A More Perfect Union Essays - United States,

A More Perfect Union: The Articles of Confederation The determined Madison had for several years insatiably studied history and political theory searching for a solution to the political and economic dilemmas he saw plaguing America. The Virginian's labors convinced him of the futility and weakness of confederacies of independent states. America's own government under the Articles of Confederation, Madison was convinced, had to be replaced. In force since 1781, established as a league of friendship and a constitution for the 13 sovereign and independent states after the Revolution, the articles seemed to Madison woefully inadequate. With the states retaining considerable power, the central government, he believed, had insufficient power to regulate commerce. It could not tax and was generally impotent in setting commercial policy it could not effectively support a war effort. It had little power to settle quarrels between states. Saddled with this weak government, the states were on the brink of economic disaster. The evidence was ove rwhelming. Congress was attempting to function with a depleted treasury; paper money was flooding the country, creating extraordinary inflation--a pound of tea in some areas could be purchased for a tidy $100; and the depressed condition of business was taking its toll on many small farmers. Some of them were being thrown in jail for debt, and numerous farms were being confiscated and sold for taxes. In 1786 some of the farmers had fought back. Led by Daniel Shays, a former captain in the Continental army, a group of armed men, sporting evergreen twigs in their hats, prevented the circuit court from sitting at Northampton, MA, and threatened to seize muskets stored in the arsenal at Springfield. Although the insurrection was put down by state troops, the incident confirmed the fears of many wealthy men that anarchy was just around the corner. Embellished day after day in the press, the uprising made upper-class Americans shudder as they imagined hordes of vicious outlaws descending upon innocent citizens. From his idyllic Mount Vernon setting, Washington wrote to Madison: Wisdom and good examples are necessary at this time to rescue the political machine from the impending storm. Madison thought he had the answer. He wanted a strong central government to provide order and stability. Let it be tried then, he wrote, whether any middle ground can be taken which will at once support a due supremacy of the national authority, while maintaining state power only when subordinately useful. The resolute Virginian looked to the Constitutional Convention to forge a new government in this mold. The convention had its specific origins in a proposal offered by Madison and John Tyler in the Virginia assembly that the Continental Congress be given power to regulate commerce throughout the Confederation. Through their efforts in the assembly a plan was devised inviting the several states to attend a convention at Annapolis, MD, in September 1786 to discuss commercial problems. Madison and a young lawyer from New York named Alexander Hamilton issued a report on the meeting in Annapolis, calling upon Congress to summon delegates of all of the states to meet for the purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation. Although the report was widely viewed as a usurpation of congressional authority, the Congress did issue a formal call to the states for a convention. To Madison it represented the supreme chance to reverse the country's trend. And as the delegations gathered in Philadelphia, its importance was not lost to others. The squire of Gunston Hall, George Mason, wrote to his s on, The Eyes of the United States are turned upon this Assembly and their Expectations raised to a very anxious Degree. May God Grant that we may be able to gratify them, by establishing a wise and just Government. likely. The Great Compromise Also crowding into this complicated and divisive discussion over representation was the North-South division over the method by which slaves were to be counted for purposes of taxation and representation. On July 12 Oliver Ellsworth proposed that representation for the lower house be based on the number of free persons and three-fifths of all other persons, a euphemism for slaves. In the following week the members finally compromised, agreeing that direct taxation be according to representation and that the representation

9th Grade Science Fair Projects

9th Grade Science Fair Projects 9th grade is the first year of high school, so 9th graders might be competing against older students in a science fair. Even so, they stand every bit as good a chance of excelling and winning. The key to success is choosing an interesting project that doesnt necessarily take a lot of time to complete. 9th graders have a lot going on, so seek an idea that can be developed and completed over the space of a few weeks or less. The quality of the presentation is very important  since high school students are expected to be familiar with word processing programs and printers. Give some attention to the quality of the poster. Be sure to cite any references used in developing the experiment. 9th Grade Science Fair Project Ideas tooth whiteners s of chemicals to try would include hydrogen peroxide solution, dilute hydrochloric acid solution, dilute isopropyl alcohol solution, fruit juice. Some of these agents are thought to be able to loosen the seed coat surrounding the plant embryo.hair conditioner - Use a microscope to determine whether hair conditioner affects the condition of hair (either comparing brands or comparing with conditioner to without-conditioner). Try to get empirical data, such as a diameter measurement of each hair strand and the distance a strand can stretch before it breaks.What is the best way to store bread to keep it fresh the longest time? What things can you do to improve the efficiency or effectiveness of your clothes dryer or water heater or any device? For example, can you take actions or make changes that will decrease the length of time it takes your dryer to get a load of towels dry?Does listening to music while you study affect your ability to memorize facts?Does the presence of smoke in the air affect plant transpiration?Does eye color affect peripheral vision? Supposedly people with darker eyes tend to have wider pupils for a given amount of light than people with light-colored irises. If you have a more open pupil, does it give you measurably better peripheral vision? Another idea to test would be to see if you have the same peripheral vision in bright light as compared with dim light.acid snow? - You know about acid rain, but do you know the pH range of snow? If you live in an area with snow, test its pH. How does the pH of snow compare with the pH of rain from the same region?What methods of preventing soi l erosion work best? For example, what is effective at preventing erosion in your yard? What can you do to reduce noise pollution in a room? What factors contribute to noise pollution inside a residence?seed viability - Is there a test you can perform to predict whether or not a seed will germinate? What factors can you measure that might be used to construct a test?Does an external magnetic field have any noticeable effect on animals such as brine shrimp, cockroaches, or fruit flies? You could use a strip magnet and containers of sample organisms and make observations to address this question.Is the brightness of glow-in-the-dark (phosphorescent) materials affected by the light source (spectrum) used to make them glow or only by the intensity (brightness) of the light? Does the light source affect the length of time a phosphorescent material will glow?Can you affect vitamin C (or another measurable vitamin) levels in juice (or another food) by adding a preservative to the juice?What is the best thickness of insulation for preventing heat loss?Is light bulb lifespan aff ected by whether the bulb is run at full power? In other words, do dim bulbs last longer/shorter than bulbs run at their power rating? What type of box material gives you the best sound for your speaker?When comparing different brands of batteries, is the battery that lasts the longest at a high temperature the same brand that lasts the longest at a cold temperature.

Gallstones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Gallstones - Essay Example In general, gallstones are about two times more common in women than in men. Most study series show a prevalence of gall stones in women between the age of 20-55 years (5-20%) and after the age of 50 years, the prevalence for men is about half as that for women in a given age group (Sleisenger, 2002). The first degree relatives of patients with gall stones are 4.5 times more likely to develop the same condition as compared to age and gender matched controls (Sarin, 1995). High-risk populations include Pima Indians in Arizona, where 70% of women older than 25 years have gallstones. About 50 % of Scandinavians develop the condition by 50 years of age. Other high-risk populations comprise the American Indian groups in Alaska, Canada, Bolivia and Chile (Egbert, 1991). The populations at the lowest risk are those in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia (Su CH, 1992) Obesity is a well-known risk factor and individuals with BMI > 45kg/w2 are at a seven-fold higher risk for the development of gallstones in comparison with controls (Stampfer MJ, 1992). Cholesterol hypersecretion into bile and increased cholesterol secretion have been implicated. Rapid weight loss contributes to gallstone disease. About 25% of obese patients on strict dietary restriction and 50% of patients who have gastric bypass develop gallstones, 6 months following the surgery (Shiffman ML et al., 1986.) Foetal parenteral nutrition and drugs like clofibrate, oral contraceptives, estrogens, progesterone, ceftriaxone and octreotide are causative agents. Pregnancy is a potentially lithogenic condition due to increased cholesterol secretion and supersaturation of bile, occurring due to increased estrogen levels (Lynn J, 1973). In many studies, fecundity has been implicated in the increased prevalence of gallstone (Tsimoyiannis, 1994 & Miquel JF, 1998.) According to their chemical composition, gallstones can be classified into cholesterol stones, mixed stones, and pigment stones. Cholesterol

Pest analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pest analysis - Essay Example BP’s industry areas are vast; spanning to include Oil and gas exploration and production, refining, marketing and supply of petroleum products, manufacturing and marketing of Chemicals, Gas & Power generation and the manufacture of Photovoltaic (solar) cells (Corporate Watch 2008). Like any other international business, BP has its own strengths and weaknesses and can trace its achievements and failures to certain political, economic, social and technological factors. This report seeks to delve into the PEST analysis of the company; based on which a reflection of where the company is coming and its direction for the future shall be outlined. Method for growth and Reasons for choosing the method Seen as â€Å"one of the barometer companies of the British economy† (Corporate Watch 2008), facts and figures available from the company’s website indicates that as at the close of 2009, the company’s sales and other operating revenues excluding customs, duties and sales taxes stood at $239 billion. With a total of 16 refineries across the world, the company employed 80,300 as at 31 December 2009. With this, the replacement cost profit for the company over the same period 2009 was $14.0 billion (BP, 2010). BP’s key method that has seen the company through its rapid growth rate is the concentration on its present capital territories rather than starting new ventures and investments. For instance having 62% working interest in the Tiber prospect in the Gulf of Mexico, the company keeps â€Å"investing extensively in deepwater exploration and development, and through an aggressive entry into onshore natural gas† (Fox, 2010) of which its greatest concentration is the Tiber prospect is. The reason why the company has chosen this method can be justified by the global economic meltdown that was experienced the world-around. With the economic crunch, it was almost unwise to start anything new when one had old ventured to grow. PEST Analy sis Current position of the company BP’s current position in the today’s economic climate is best illustrated by its annual reporting for the year ending 31 December 2010. The report touches on all three business segments of BP which are â€Å"Exploration and Production, Refining and Marketing and Gas, Power and Renewable.† (Aruvian’s Research, 2008). According to the report, the company’s total asset for year ending 2010 was $272,262m as compared too $235,968m for year ending 2009. With liabilities, the company’s total liability for year ending 2010 was $176,371m as against $133,855m for year ending 1999. This brings the net asset as of 31 December 2010 to $95,891m as against $102,113m for 2009 (BP Summary Review, 2010, p. 21). With regards to group cash flow, the cash and cash equivalent for end of year 2010 was $18,556m as against $8339m for the same period 2009. Generally, the company did not perform impressively well in 2010, which is a good yardstick of the company’s present state as against 2009. With regards to replacement cost for instance, the company recorded a loss of 26.17 per ordinary share (BP Summary Review, 2010, p. 17). Reasons for this performance can be traced from the PEST analysis of the company below. Political BP’s three business spectrums are Exploration and Production, Refining and Marketing and Gas, Power and Renewable. Coincidentally, these are aspects of petrochemical trade that is undertaken by

Unit 2 Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 2 Scenario - Essay Example Preferring organic, natural and health foods, Gordon Gourmand however can cater to my choices. Having these options, 3 bags of groceries at a cost of $120 will be bought from Gordon Gourmand. The remaining amount from the budget will be spent in Northern Lake Foodstore and will be more than enough for the same number of bags of groceries costing $75. $5 dollars worth of groceries can also buy a considerable number of goods from the same store. Supposing, my income increases by 20 percent hereby raising my budget for groceries to $250. This change in income will also bring changes in the budget line for groceries. Having more money to cater to my preference of products, instead of just three bags, more groceries, probably 3 bags more will added to the groceries from Gordon Gourmand. These additional bags from the Gordon Gourmand will mean fewer groceries from the other store. My favored groceries from Gordon Gourmand therefore are normal goods. These are basis commodities which are necessary as required by my lifestyle. As the income increases, it is but natural to buy more of such products instead of alternative goods, those from Northern Lake Foodstore. If the price of a bag of groceries at Northern Lake Foodstore decreased to $20 per bag, and assuming that my income did not increase, the bulk of my groceries will be coming from the store. This price change however will not affect my budget line for groceries and surely it does not affect my previous choice of groceries. The 3 bags of preferred groceries will still be from Gordon Gourmand. However since the price of the commodities from Northern Lake Foodstore decreased, instead of just 3 bags of alternative goods, about one more bag of groceries will be bought at the store. Looking at the increase in the number of bags purchased due to the decrease in price, the demand is price elastic. The price

China S Domestic Tourism And Hotel Industry Tourism Essay

China S Domestic Tourism And Hotel Industry Tourism Essay With the rapid development of Chinas national economy, the leisure choices of Chinese people also have undergone great changes. The Chinese peoples leisure presents distinctive regional characteristics and cultural identity. As the increase in income and living standards improved, Chinese people are more willing to travel for consume choice. Chinese tourism is at s rapid developing stage, forming the three kinds of tourism: inbound tourism, domestic tourism and outbound tourism market. For its further development, Chinas tourism should continue to focus much on domestic tourism market. Consumer demand for the spiritual life and growth making tourism become casual as a relaxed kind of entertainment. When people facing the highly technical and highly urbanized life, many people have the demand to enjoy nature and enjoy life, high quality tourism has become the pursuit of many modern urban people with consume consciousness. Due to that, the development of Chinas domestic tourism would b e even brighter. Chinas domestic tourism promoted local economic development, and it is also influenced by national policy and regional economic development levels. Meanwhile, the hotel industry is also driven by the development of domestic tourism and has been considerable prosperity and development. It could be said that the development of tourism and hotel industry promote each other, are both important parts of Chinese national leisure. This essay will firstly discuss the variety markets and the growth of Chinas domestic tourism. Following this, it will discuss the growth and diversified markets of Chinas hotel industry. Finally, it will provide some suggestions for todays Chinese leisure market. The variety markets and the growth of Chinas domestic tourism With the economic development, China in the last century after 1990s, as guided by national policies, the domestic tourism market has entered a rapid development period (Wu, Zhu, and Xu, 2000). Since 1999, the total consumption growth rate remained at around 10%-12%, indicating that Chinas domestic demand for tourism market has entered a stable stage of development. When the Chinese tourism industry in its infancy, the domestic tourism demand is not enough strong, showing small-scale, with single of the characteristics associated. Therefore, the first principle of Chinas domestic tourism is to meet the inbound tourism demand as the main target. However, after nearly 20 years of development, domestic tourism gradually has become to be market-oriented, and Chinese people would like to take domestic travel as leisure-based behavior (Huang, Xiao, 2000). The number of domestic tourists has grown, tourists levels also constantly improved, showing a large scale and covering wide demand cha racteristics. The formation of effective travel demand requires tourists must have a certain ability to pay, that should be available for discretionary income. With the opening up of Chinas sustained rapid economic development, domestic residents disposable income is also increasing at the same time (Wu, Zhu, and Xu, 2000). The disposable income of urban residents rose from 1700.6 RMB in 1991 to 7702.8 RMB in 2002. With the sustained, steady, and moderate economy growth, income levels would continue to improve, people want not only meet their daily lives demand, which means that China would face increasingly strong domestic tourism demand and Chinas domestic tourism market is still promising in the following years. Chinas domestic tourism meets the requirements and effective demands of different tourists who have the desires to travel and enjoy leisure time. When received the mobilization of Chinese governments leave policies, Chinas domestic tourism market made a rapid expansion (Wang, Qu, 2004). Since May 1995 China launched the weekly rest-day work system and brought an excellent opportunity for the development of domestic tourism. These polices then leaded a weekend travel fever caused by the increase travel rate of urban residents in 1995-1999. September 1999, the Chinese State Council issued a national New Year and Day holiday approaches, made the Labour Day and National Day positioning as the Spring Festival holiday time with the extended 3 days, plus weekends before and after the formation of three complete the concentration of a week holiday as the Golden Week. It could be considered that, with the future improvement of the system for holidays, and paid holidays became more common, pe ople are free to spend their time on domestic pinpoints. In these systems, the distribution of Chinese tourism is imbalance in some areas, and someone has become a cultural and fashion center, become a popular tourist site and entry, such as Hong Kong (Tam, Chan, Chu, et al., 2005). The formation of effective demand travel requirements related to tourism infrastructure is needed to be improved. The rapid development of Chinas national economy has been a strong guarantee for the domestic tourist attractions and supporting facilities construction. A tourist attraction is not enough only increase the attraction for tourists, and the domestic tourists travel demand also should to improve in order to achieve sustainable development of domestic tourism according to the local differences (Wang, Qu, 2004). This requires that tourism-related transportation, catering, accommodation and other related supporting infrastructure, industry, construction and tourism development to become much convenient. Currently Chinese enterprises and the tourism management departments have recognized this, and they realized that the construction of tourism infrastructure is referred to a considerable height, increased investment, continuous improvement and tourism-related facilities. This will help to promote the formation of effective demand, tourism, promote tourism market. The formation of effective demand travel requirements of tourists reflects the change of consumer awareness. Economic development and upgrading of living standards, attract many international tourists, has changed peoples consumption concept, which making people more willing to improve their spiritual life through tourism. The growth and diversified markets of Chinas hotel industry Chinas domestic tourism development also greatly pushed the domestic hotel industry development and prosperity. Chinas hotel industry is developing rapidly in 2004, accommodation and catering industry in China is total 1 trillion RMB of business, accounting for 7.3% of gross national product, is about to become very important Chinas national economy industry. With Chinas sustained rapid growth and the rising living standards, it would gradually speed up the internationalization process of Chinese hotel industry. With the host of Beijing Olympics and Shanghai World Expo and Guangzhou Asian Games and even the further success of large-scale activities held in China by 2020, China would become the largest tourist destination in the world, and further promoted Chinas hotel industrys development to a new stage. Currently Chinese hotel industry shows many characteristics. The most hotels continuously improve product functionality. After 20 years of development, Chinas hotels could be subdivided as the general business hotel, tourist hotels, resort hotels, conference hotels, theme hotels and the general hotels, etc., and these hotels could continue to meet the diverse demands of the travel market (Pine, Phillips, 2005). There are about more than 100 hotel groups, nearly 1,000 hotel chains. Hotel consolidation and reorganization progresses, and the international hotel group from the low-end market promote the tourist market, accelerate the pace of internationalization of the domestic market. Hotel Services become more prominent in the hotel industry. Electronic information technology has been used into China hotel industry, and the global information highway also provides customers new services, such as artificial intelligence on the technology of temperature, light, automatic adjustment, the rooms have broadband Internet access, room is able to receive satellite TV network signal, remote network scheduled. So that the hotel industry increasingly dependent on science and technology. Hotels would become the main body of the hotel industry market. In the hotel industry, hotels have the largest space for future development. Chinese hotels begins to follow international hotel industry trends, being consistent with the actual Chinese hotel market segments to meet the needs of domestic tourists, and on major events is not sensitive to economic factors. Star hotel industry in China would shift to the main economic development of a new era hotels. The level of the overall hotel market returns showed a strong momentum of development. Considering all five star hotels in Chinas management fees and fixed fees, its income increased by 42% over the same period, four-star and three star hotels grew by 52% and 24%,compared to 1990s. International management of the five-star and four-star hotel than other hotels with the level of management to achieve better earnings before charges and fixed costs, total revenues were 43% and 35%. Shanghais five-star hotels achieved the highest level of return, has 48% of total revenue, followed by Sanya (47%) and Beijing (40%) of the five-star hotel (Lam, Han, 2005). In addition, the five-star hotel, the rooms of the hotels are still the highest total revenue department. Hotel room revenue accounted for 55% of total revenue, while its total expenditure amounted to only 11%. In the main expenditure, catering is containing 35% of income in the total expenditure. Some suggestions for todays Chinese leisure industry The Chinese government should further adjust and improve the statutory holidays and leave regulations, in order to promote the prosperity and development of Chinas domestic tourism market. Tourism activities and national holidays and vacation is closely related to institutional arrangements, and the introduction of adjustment programs of national holidays and paid annual leave regulations, will have an important impact on space-time structure on domestic tourism flows and tourism development. The implementation of the new holiday system will break the monopoly of the past space and time factors of travel, promote tourist flows. The promotion of coordinated development of regional tourism would optimize the layout of space tourism industry and narrow the differences in regional tourism. On the one hand, the adjustment of the statutory holiday will significantly increase the proportion of short-range tourist flows, increase tourism sources, and promote the development of tourism markets. It could force local government and tourism enterprises to pay more attentions to the development of local tourism market, and take serious on the active development of local tourism market, tourism product, tourism activities to enrich the content of local tourism. By optimizing product structure and promote local tourism development, the local economy development is of great significant convert. When local government adjust the implementation of tourism polices, it will bring about more p otential tourism, especially to these state-owned hotel (Heunga, Zhang, Jiang, 2008). Once met the personal needs of tourists, many tourist areas, which are not popular in the past, would be the choice of different types of potential tourists, thus stimulating the remote tourist spots to recovery, promoting the coordinated development of regional tourism. Those measures could improve the overall economic benefits of tourism. Of course, in nowadays, green, environmental protection, energy saving, safety, and health development of the international hotel has become a new direction of hotel industry. Followed the trend, many activities are implemented to create green hotels, promoting Chinas hotel industry into the safety, health, environmental protection, and energy saving road in the future. At present, China mainly focus on hotel supplies: disposable daily necessities, intelligent products, hotel decorative items, sports goods, food supplies, cleaning supplies, uniforms, and severa l other aspects of the hotel. Among them, the hotel leadership management level also should be enhanced (Wong Chan, 2010). Along with the development and improvement of living standards, customers increasing the demand for the hotel, which requested hotels in system equipment, used the hotel intelligent systems. Therefore, hotel equipment, intelligent systems, would be the development of hotel equipment, as an important trend. The other tech-intensive hotels supplies will be smaller, light and miniaturized to the trend of development. Conclusion In conclusion, Chinas domestic tourism and hotel industry has been rapid development and prosperity, because of the rapid development of national economy and domestic policy, regulation leaves promotion. Brought by the increase of Chinese residents income, it improved the quality of many people life, and more people want to choose consumption and leisure, the tourism and accommodation outside. To some degree, Chinese peoples leisure has markedly changed. Of course, Chinas domestic tourism presented geographical imbalance, which asked tourism authorities to develop a positive awareness of domestic tourism consumption. For the western and rural areas, the consume awareness of many tourist areas is not strong. So that it could take various measures to encourage people to travel. In order to promote tourism and hotel industrys further development, it also should be constantly improving and standardizing Chinas leave system. Beside successful enterprises in the construction and restructur ing of hotel, it has many efforts to create Chinas own strong hotel group. When Chinese super-national hotel group become the famous hotel brand of the world, it could get the establishment of China in the international hotel industry on a due place.

Response To Blood Brothers By Willy Russell :: English Literature

Response To Blood Brothers By Willy Russell Response Phase The appreciation to the story Willy Russell wrote a fantastic and well written play called â€Å"Blood Brothers† it shows details of its time and history such as the government ruled by Margaret Thatcher and the economic crash. The rough times in Liverpool and the struggle for money. â€Å"Blood Brothers which is set in Liverpool tells a story of twins born on the same day and died on the same day but separated at birth. Mrs. Johnstone, a superstitious, loving mother of seven, soon to be nine has to give up one of her children because of the welfare and money problems. Though she can’t bear to do it, she gives up one of her babies to her employee who’s desperate for a baby. For three decades, she has to see one her children grow up in the hands of another woman. Mrs. Lyons has the perfect life. Perfect house, perfect husband and perfect looks except for one thing she really wants, a child. One day her employer says she wouldn’t know how to cope with another child and she had a great idea, she would take one of her twins and she did with the help of an oath on the bible. Now that she has everything she wanted she couldn’t be happier. Until her son meets his unknown twin brother. She soon starts to go mad and orders her son not to see his good friend anymore but he still does. She then moves to the country and her mind becomes stable again until she finds out her sons twin lives right down the street. What Eddie doesn’t know is that he was given up at birth by his biological mother and given to what he thinks is his mother. When he is seven he bumps into a boy called Mickey Johnstone. Eddie thinks that Mickey is fantastic and everything about him is funny and exciting and as a result they become best friends and blood brothers also because they have the same birthday. What Eddie doesn’t know is that Mickey is his twin brother. As they were tried to be separated by their parents, it just led them to wanting to each other more. Separated for a while, they meet again but Eddie is immediately attracted to Mickey’s fancy Linda. When Mickey goes to prison he becomes very paranoid about Linda and Eddie, which has dreadful consequences for both of them. Mickey, youngest of seven is a wild street-wise kid. Though he hasn’t had a great life with the fact that he hasn’t got any money and lives